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<p>The global rise in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries underscores the urgent need for high-performance artificial ligaments. However, long-term clinical use is still challenged by fabric structure disintegration, rupture, and pull-out failure. This study presents a straightforward strategy to enhance mechanical performance through knitted structural design, addressing the research gap between ligament architecture and pull-out resistance. A mathematical model was established to correlate structural parameters with the maximum pull-out force, guiding the optimization of the artificial ligament based on key mechanical properties. Furthermore, the interaction between the artificial ligament and the bone tunnel was analyzed using a mechanical ACL model. By varying the wales of underlapping per course from 2 to 5, the pull-out force of individual weft insertion yarns improved by up to 118.16%. The optimized ligament achieved a breaking strength close to 7000 N, approximately 40% higher than that of conventional designs, and exhibited an 18.85% reduction in fatigue deformation. In addition, it significantly enhanced the pull-out resistance of the bone tunnel. These findings provide valuable insights into improving the durability and structural reliability of other knitted biomedical implants.</p>

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Mechanical optimization of artificial ligaments targeting pull-out resistance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月10日

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  • Jinyu He,
  • Ting Yang,
  • Zhen Li,
  • Yang Qian,
  • Jiaqi Di,
  • Yanping Liu,
  • Xinxin Li,
  • Xiaohong Qin

摘要

The global rise in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries underscores the urgent need for high-performance artificial ligaments. However, long-term clinical use is still challenged by fabric structure disintegration, rupture, and pull-out failure. This study presents a straightforward strategy to enhance mechanical performance through knitted structural design, addressing the research gap between ligament architecture and pull-out resistance. A mathematical model was established to correlate structural parameters with the maximum pull-out force, guiding the optimization of the artificial ligament based on key mechanical properties. Furthermore, the interaction between the artificial ligament and the bone tunnel was analyzed using a mechanical ACL model. By varying the wales of underlapping per course from 2 to 5, the pull-out force of individual weft insertion yarns improved by up to 118.16%. The optimized ligament achieved a breaking strength close to 7000 N, approximately 40% higher than that of conventional designs, and exhibited an 18.85% reduction in fatigue deformation. In addition, it significantly enhanced the pull-out resistance of the bone tunnel. These findings provide valuable insights into improving the durability and structural reliability of other knitted biomedical implants.