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<p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a serious threat to human health and biological survival, especially in ecologically sensitive regions such as the Tibetan Plateau (TP), where little is known about the characteristics and sources of PAHs in the alpine rivers. In the present study, the occurrence, source appointment, and health risks of PAHs in the Yarlung Zangbo River on the TP were systematically investigated based on collected water and sediment samples. The concentration of total PAHs (TPAHs, Σ24 PAHs) ranged from 1.77 to 78.00 ng/L (from 93.93 to 927.71 ng/g) with an average of 23.70 ng/L (219.63 ng/g) in water (sediment), in which 3-ring and 4-ring groups were the major components (26.22%–37.67% in TPAHs). Higher PAH concentrations in water and sediment were found in the mainstream and tributaries, respectively. A significant seasonal compositional reversal of PAHs was observed between the wet (21.13 ± 22.38 ng/L) and dry (26.26 ± 16.20 ng/L) seasons. Specifically, more 3–4 ring PAHs were detected in the wet season, while higher concentrations of 2 ring and 5–6 ring PAHs were found in the dry season, despite the equivalent concentrations of TPAHs in water, reflecting differentiated contributions of various sources. Source identifications through the positive matrix factorization model (PMF) further revealed significant differences in the sources of PAHs during the two types of seasons. Industrial manufacture (29.2%) and fossil fuel combustion (29.2%) were the dominant contributors to riverine PAHs in the dry season, while biomass decomposition (23.1%) and traffic emission (15.2%) dominated in the wet season. These findings elucidate the modulatory role of heterogeneous human activities on organic contaminant-mediated health risks in fluvial ecosystems, underscoring the critical need to characterize anthropogenic impacts on sustainable water resource management across the TP.</p>

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Seasonal reversal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composition in Yarlung Zangbo River due to differentiated human activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月21日

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  • Rui An,
  • Bin Li,
  • Yueting Meng,
  • Jiarui Li,
  • Hongbo Wang

摘要

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a serious threat to human health and biological survival, especially in ecologically sensitive regions such as the Tibetan Plateau (TP), where little is known about the characteristics and sources of PAHs in the alpine rivers. In the present study, the occurrence, source appointment, and health risks of PAHs in the Yarlung Zangbo River on the TP were systematically investigated based on collected water and sediment samples. The concentration of total PAHs (TPAHs, Σ24 PAHs) ranged from 1.77 to 78.00 ng/L (from 93.93 to 927.71 ng/g) with an average of 23.70 ng/L (219.63 ng/g) in water (sediment), in which 3-ring and 4-ring groups were the major components (26.22%–37.67% in TPAHs). Higher PAH concentrations in water and sediment were found in the mainstream and tributaries, respectively. A significant seasonal compositional reversal of PAHs was observed between the wet (21.13 ± 22.38 ng/L) and dry (26.26 ± 16.20 ng/L) seasons. Specifically, more 3–4 ring PAHs were detected in the wet season, while higher concentrations of 2 ring and 5–6 ring PAHs were found in the dry season, despite the equivalent concentrations of TPAHs in water, reflecting differentiated contributions of various sources. Source identifications through the positive matrix factorization model (PMF) further revealed significant differences in the sources of PAHs during the two types of seasons. Industrial manufacture (29.2%) and fossil fuel combustion (29.2%) were the dominant contributors to riverine PAHs in the dry season, while biomass decomposition (23.1%) and traffic emission (15.2%) dominated in the wet season. These findings elucidate the modulatory role of heterogeneous human activities on organic contaminant-mediated health risks in fluvial ecosystems, underscoring the critical need to characterize anthropogenic impacts on sustainable water resource management across the TP.