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<p>Multifunctional responsive actuators have garnered considerable attention for their potential applications in soft robots, wearable devices, smart displays, environmental sensing, and biomimetic systems. Herein, we present a multifunctional color-changing ionic soft actuator that integrates electrical actuation and humidity-induced color-changing functionalities, fabricated using carboxylated cellulose nanofibers, ionic liquids, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose nanocrystals, and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. The electro-humidity responsive actuator exhibited remarkable actuation performance, including a maximum tip displacement (10.2 mm), low driving voltage (as low as 1.0 V), high operational stability (95.2% reliability after 2000 actuation cycles), broad working frequency range (0.2–3.0 Hz), and exceptional tolerance to humid environments (90% relative humidity). In addition, the actuator showcased reversible and integrated color-changing capabilities. These features enabled the design of innovative devices, such as biomimetic flowers and smart color-changing windows with tunable optical properties. Consequently, this multifunctional actuator provides a promising platform for applications in soft robots, optical anti-counterfeiting systems, information storage materials, and intelligent home technologies.</p>

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Electro-humidity responsive soft actuators based on cellulose nanofibers-nanocrystals for bioinspired applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月12日

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  • Fan Wang,
  • Ruibin Qi,
  • Yujiao Wu,
  • Qinchuan Li,
  • Junhui Zhang,
  • Sukho Park

摘要

Multifunctional responsive actuators have garnered considerable attention for their potential applications in soft robots, wearable devices, smart displays, environmental sensing, and biomimetic systems. Herein, we present a multifunctional color-changing ionic soft actuator that integrates electrical actuation and humidity-induced color-changing functionalities, fabricated using carboxylated cellulose nanofibers, ionic liquids, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose nanocrystals, and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. The electro-humidity responsive actuator exhibited remarkable actuation performance, including a maximum tip displacement (10.2 mm), low driving voltage (as low as 1.0 V), high operational stability (95.2% reliability after 2000 actuation cycles), broad working frequency range (0.2–3.0 Hz), and exceptional tolerance to humid environments (90% relative humidity). In addition, the actuator showcased reversible and integrated color-changing capabilities. These features enabled the design of innovative devices, such as biomimetic flowers and smart color-changing windows with tunable optical properties. Consequently, this multifunctional actuator provides a promising platform for applications in soft robots, optical anti-counterfeiting systems, information storage materials, and intelligent home technologies.