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<p>On the basis of Earth system science, this review is focused on large, complex geological disaster chains triggered by interactions among the lithosphere, hydrosphere (including the cryosphere), atmosphere, and biosphere (including the anthroposphere). We first propose critical principles for the classification of disaster chains. Our criteria systematically delineate nine typical types of disasters that are driven by endogenic dynamics within the lithosphere, exogenic dynamics within the cryosphere, exogenic dynamics across the atmosphere-hydrosphere interface, and anthropogenic activities within the biosphere. The common evolutionary patterns of these disaster chains are subsequently synthesized. Furthermore, from the perspectives of time, space, and human intervention, three overarching characteristics are identified: coupling across spatiotemporal scales, exchange across-sphere boundaries, and significant driving and amplification by engineering activities. On this basis, we identify five major fundamental scientific questions that demand urgent attention in future theoretical research on natural disasters: disaster gestation through multi-sphere interactions, disaster regulation by multi-interface systems, disaster propulsion by multi-dynamic coupling, disaster initiation and evolution through multi-critical phase transitions, and disaster amplification through multi-disaster chain interactions. By outlining a coherent research framework encompassing mechanisms, prediction, and prevention/mitigation measures, we aim to advance a paradigm shift in natural disaster research and to consolidate the theoretical foundations for a scientifically robust, high-efficiency national system for disaster prevention and mitigation.</p>

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Mechanism of natural disaster formation: A systematic analysis based on multi-sphere interactions, multi-interface control, multi-dynamic coupling, multi-critical transitions, and multi-disaster chain amplification

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Jianbing Peng,
  • Qiangong Cheng,
  • Yongshuang Zhang,
  • Qiangbing Huang,
  • Fanyu Zhang

摘要

On the basis of Earth system science, this review is focused on large, complex geological disaster chains triggered by interactions among the lithosphere, hydrosphere (including the cryosphere), atmosphere, and biosphere (including the anthroposphere). We first propose critical principles for the classification of disaster chains. Our criteria systematically delineate nine typical types of disasters that are driven by endogenic dynamics within the lithosphere, exogenic dynamics within the cryosphere, exogenic dynamics across the atmosphere-hydrosphere interface, and anthropogenic activities within the biosphere. The common evolutionary patterns of these disaster chains are subsequently synthesized. Furthermore, from the perspectives of time, space, and human intervention, three overarching characteristics are identified: coupling across spatiotemporal scales, exchange across-sphere boundaries, and significant driving and amplification by engineering activities. On this basis, we identify five major fundamental scientific questions that demand urgent attention in future theoretical research on natural disasters: disaster gestation through multi-sphere interactions, disaster regulation by multi-interface systems, disaster propulsion by multi-dynamic coupling, disaster initiation and evolution through multi-critical phase transitions, and disaster amplification through multi-disaster chain interactions. By outlining a coherent research framework encompassing mechanisms, prediction, and prevention/mitigation measures, we aim to advance a paradigm shift in natural disaster research and to consolidate the theoretical foundations for a scientifically robust, high-efficiency national system for disaster prevention and mitigation.