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<p>Li, Be, Nb, and Ta represent important strategic rare metal resources, which primarily consist of the LCT (Li-Cs-Ta) and NYF (Nb-Y-F) pegmatite-type deposits, granite-type deposits, volcanic-type deposits, and carbonatite and alkaline rock-type deposits. These deposits are categorized into three metallogenic systems, including the strongly peraluminous, weakly peraluminous to metaluminous, and peralkaline metallogenic systems that are distributed across 14 rare-metal metallogenic belts in China. Spatially, the metallogenic belts or segments hosting these metallogenic systems are characterized by well-developed thick flysch sedimentary or metasedimentary sequences, widespread volcanic or metavolcanic-sedimentary rocks, and numerous alkaline rocks ± carbonatite intrusive complexes, respectively. The strongly peraluminous system and the weakly peraluminous to metaluminous system (mainly granite- and pegmatite-type deposits) primarily formed during the Late Caledonian to Early Hercynian, Indosinian, and Yanshanian periods, and are genetically associated with convergent orogeny. In contrast, the peralkaline system and the peraluminous to metaluminous system (mainly volcanic-type deposits) formed primarily during the Late Caledonian to Hercynian periods in continental margin or intracontinental extensional settings. From the strongly peraluminous system through the weakly peraluminous to metaluminous system to the peralkaline metallogenic system, the source regions tend to have less mature crustal components but more juvenile crustal and mantle-derived components. In this study, rare-metal deposits that occur within the same metallogenic belts and have similar ore-forming time and tectonic settings are considered a metallogenic series. Accordingly, a total of 22 metallogenic series have been identified across the 14 rare metal metallogenic belts in China. From the perspective of tectonic evolution of China, a metallogenic lineage of these series is constructed. Using the principle of “metallogeny occurring in all favorable spatio-temporal sites, where deposits are absent for prospecting” for the metallogenic series theory, we predict that Northeast China and the Bangong Co-Nujiang tectonic belts have great potential for rare-metal exploration, in addition to the 14 rare-metal metallogenic belts delineated in the study. Furthermore, future exploration for Nb, Be, and rare earth elements should be strengthened in the Northern Margin of the Tarim-North China Block.</p>

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Metallogenic types, genesis, and distribution of endogenetic rare-metal deposits in China: A perspective of continental tectonic evolution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Jiankang Li,
  • Peng Li,
  • Yongchao Liu,
  • Denghong Wang,
  • Fan Huang

摘要

Li, Be, Nb, and Ta represent important strategic rare metal resources, which primarily consist of the LCT (Li-Cs-Ta) and NYF (Nb-Y-F) pegmatite-type deposits, granite-type deposits, volcanic-type deposits, and carbonatite and alkaline rock-type deposits. These deposits are categorized into three metallogenic systems, including the strongly peraluminous, weakly peraluminous to metaluminous, and peralkaline metallogenic systems that are distributed across 14 rare-metal metallogenic belts in China. Spatially, the metallogenic belts or segments hosting these metallogenic systems are characterized by well-developed thick flysch sedimentary or metasedimentary sequences, widespread volcanic or metavolcanic-sedimentary rocks, and numerous alkaline rocks ± carbonatite intrusive complexes, respectively. The strongly peraluminous system and the weakly peraluminous to metaluminous system (mainly granite- and pegmatite-type deposits) primarily formed during the Late Caledonian to Early Hercynian, Indosinian, and Yanshanian periods, and are genetically associated with convergent orogeny. In contrast, the peralkaline system and the peraluminous to metaluminous system (mainly volcanic-type deposits) formed primarily during the Late Caledonian to Hercynian periods in continental margin or intracontinental extensional settings. From the strongly peraluminous system through the weakly peraluminous to metaluminous system to the peralkaline metallogenic system, the source regions tend to have less mature crustal components but more juvenile crustal and mantle-derived components. In this study, rare-metal deposits that occur within the same metallogenic belts and have similar ore-forming time and tectonic settings are considered a metallogenic series. Accordingly, a total of 22 metallogenic series have been identified across the 14 rare metal metallogenic belts in China. From the perspective of tectonic evolution of China, a metallogenic lineage of these series is constructed. Using the principle of “metallogeny occurring in all favorable spatio-temporal sites, where deposits are absent for prospecting” for the metallogenic series theory, we predict that Northeast China and the Bangong Co-Nujiang tectonic belts have great potential for rare-metal exploration, in addition to the 14 rare-metal metallogenic belts delineated in the study. Furthermore, future exploration for Nb, Be, and rare earth elements should be strengthened in the Northern Margin of the Tarim-North China Block.