<p>Previous geodynamic theories have mainly focused on plate margins, and little is known about how tectonic evolution affects intracontinental processes. The nature of the Caledonian Orogenic Belt in South China is still controversial, but its intracontinental orogenic characteristics are relatively obvious. It was previously believed that mineralization was weak during the Caledonian period in South China. With in-depth geological research and exploration, a large number of Caledonian ore deposits have been successively discovered in South China in recent years. Integrating previous research results, this paper clarifies and determines that the Caledonian ore deposits in south China could be divided into four types, namely Cu polymetallic deposits related to granites that originated partially from the Neoproterozoic juvenile lower crust, W-Sn polymetallic deposits related to granites derived from the remelting of the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic basement, orogenic Au deposits, and MVT Pb-Zn deposits; these four types of ore deposits have consistent metallogenic ages, concentrated in 440–395 Ma, which is consistent with the peak ages of the Caledonian granites and the regional metamorphism of the pre-Devonian strata in South China. They are a unified whole with close genetic connections, and constitute the South China Caledonian intracontinental metallogenic system controlled by far-field stress. It is worth noting that the NE-trending Jiangshao-Chenzhou-Linwu Fault divides the South China Caledonian Orogenic Belt into two parts, with most known Caledonian ore deposits distributed in the western part of this fault. The metallogenic differences between the eastern and western sides of the fault or the metallogenic potential of the eastern region still need in-depth research.</p>