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<p>Universal Time (UT1), a fundamental component of Earth Orientation Parameters (EOPs), is critical for satellite navigation, deep space exploration, and precise timekeeping. To establish an independent and controllable UT1 data service, the National Time Service Center (NTSC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed China’s first operational high-precision UT1 product, achieving full autonomy from data acquisition to dissemination. This paper details the system architecture, technical workflow, accuracy evaluation, and service applications of the product. By integrating multi-source observational data—including domestic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), the International GNSS Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS), and Digital Zenith Telescope (DZT) measurements—and employing an adaptive weight combination strategy along with a weighted least-squares plus autoregressive (WLS+AR) prediction algorithm, we produce a comprehensive suite of UT1 final, rapid, and prediction products. Evaluated against the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) 20C04 series, the final UT1 product achieves an accuracy of 51.7 µs; the rapid product matches IERS accuracy while outperforming it in Length of Day (LOD) estimation; the 30-day prediction accuracy reaches 3.54 ms; and the real-time service offers an accuracy of 121.5 µs (compared to 137.3 µs for the IERS counterpart). The product is now officially operational and distributed through the NTSC website and iGMAS platform, providing independent, high-quality UT1 data for Earth science research and major national projects in China. This accomplishment marks a pivotal transition from international reliance to autonomous capability in this strategically vital field.</p>

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System architecture, accuracy evaluation, and service applications of the high-precision UT1 products developed by the National Time Service Center

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Xishun Li,
  • Xuhai Yang,
  • Yuanwei Wu,
  • Xuan Cheng,
  • Baoqi Sun,
  • Dang Yao,
  • Jia Liu,
  • Zhe Zhang,
  • Shougang Zhang

摘要

Universal Time (UT1), a fundamental component of Earth Orientation Parameters (EOPs), is critical for satellite navigation, deep space exploration, and precise timekeeping. To establish an independent and controllable UT1 data service, the National Time Service Center (NTSC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed China’s first operational high-precision UT1 product, achieving full autonomy from data acquisition to dissemination. This paper details the system architecture, technical workflow, accuracy evaluation, and service applications of the product. By integrating multi-source observational data—including domestic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), the International GNSS Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS), and Digital Zenith Telescope (DZT) measurements—and employing an adaptive weight combination strategy along with a weighted least-squares plus autoregressive (WLS+AR) prediction algorithm, we produce a comprehensive suite of UT1 final, rapid, and prediction products. Evaluated against the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) 20C04 series, the final UT1 product achieves an accuracy of 51.7 µs; the rapid product matches IERS accuracy while outperforming it in Length of Day (LOD) estimation; the 30-day prediction accuracy reaches 3.54 ms; and the real-time service offers an accuracy of 121.5 µs (compared to 137.3 µs for the IERS counterpart). The product is now officially operational and distributed through the NTSC website and iGMAS platform, providing independent, high-quality UT1 data for Earth science research and major national projects in China. This accomplishment marks a pivotal transition from international reliance to autonomous capability in this strategically vital field.