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<p>Chorus waves play a critical role in the acceleration and loss of energetic electrons in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere. Based on the wave normal angle (<i>θ</i>), lower band (LB) chorus waves are commonly classified by the Gendrin angle (<i>θ</i><sub><i>g</i></sub>) into quasi-parallel (<i>θ</i>&lt;<i>θ</i><sub><i>g</i></sub>) and oblique (<i>θ</i>&gt;<i>θ</i><sub><i>g</i></sub>) LB chorus waves. In this study, we have statistically investigated the characteristics of quasi-parallel and oblique LB chorus waves based on observations by Van Allen Probe B. We found that quasi-parallel LB chorus waves exhibit pronounced day-night asymmetry in both spatial distribution and the variation of wave properties as a function of magnetic latitude (MLAT). They appear over a wide range of MLATs at high <i>L</i> shells on the dayside, whereas they are more confined on the nightside. In contrast, oblique LB chorus waves show no significant day-night asymmetry in either spatial distribution or latitudinal variations of wave properties. Moreover, our statistical results reveal that equatorward propagating quasi-parallel waves can extend to higher MLATs (up to MLAT=±20°) at higher <i>L</i> shells on the dayside, but are limited to within ±5° on the nightside. Oblique waves, by comparison, show restricted equatorward propagation within ∣MLAT∣&lt;5° on both dayside and nightside. These findings suggest that the source region of quasi-parallel LB chorus waves could extend to higher MLATs at high <i>L</i> shells on the dayside.</p>

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Day-night asymmetry in lower band chorus waves

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Yun Yan,
  • Chao Yue,
  • Li Li,
  • Qianli Ma,
  • Yoshiharu Omura,
  • Shan Wang,
  • Qiu-Gang Zong,
  • Xu-Zhi Zhou,
  • Ze-Fan Yin,
  • Yi-Xin Hao,
  • Jing-Huan Li,
  • Zi-Kang Xie

摘要

Chorus waves play a critical role in the acceleration and loss of energetic electrons in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere. Based on the wave normal angle (θ), lower band (LB) chorus waves are commonly classified by the Gendrin angle (θg) into quasi-parallel (θ<θg) and oblique (θ>θg) LB chorus waves. In this study, we have statistically investigated the characteristics of quasi-parallel and oblique LB chorus waves based on observations by Van Allen Probe B. We found that quasi-parallel LB chorus waves exhibit pronounced day-night asymmetry in both spatial distribution and the variation of wave properties as a function of magnetic latitude (MLAT). They appear over a wide range of MLATs at high L shells on the dayside, whereas they are more confined on the nightside. In contrast, oblique LB chorus waves show no significant day-night asymmetry in either spatial distribution or latitudinal variations of wave properties. Moreover, our statistical results reveal that equatorward propagating quasi-parallel waves can extend to higher MLATs (up to MLAT=±20°) at higher L shells on the dayside, but are limited to within ±5° on the nightside. Oblique waves, by comparison, show restricted equatorward propagation within ∣MLAT∣<5° on both dayside and nightside. These findings suggest that the source region of quasi-parallel LB chorus waves could extend to higher MLATs at high L shells on the dayside.