<p>Accurately quantifying the carbon sequestration potential of bamboo product carbon pools, formed through carbon transfer and long-term storage from harvested culms, is essential for enhancing ecosystem carbon sinks and achieving carbon neutrality. However, heterogeneity in processing technologies and product portfolios introduces substantial uncertainties in current assessments. Using field survey data from more than 100 bamboo-processing enterprises, we focused on four whole-bamboo utilization models to quantify the culm-to-product carbon transfer ratio and estimate product-level carbon stocks and storage benefits. It also projected the long-term dynamics of China’s carbon pool for bamboo products. Across the four models, carbon transfer ratio ranged from 88.49% to 91.82% (mean 90.60%). Product carbon storage was 12.2308–12.6212 kg CO₂e per unit, and storage benefits were 0.1389–2.8402 kg CO₂e. Approximately 90.9% of culm-derived carbon was allocated to primary bamboo products, with product-specific transfer ratios ranging from 6.60% to 38.89%. Nationally, the carbon pool of bamboo products increased from 39.08 to 204.74 Mt CO₂e between 2002 and 2024, corresponding to an average annual growth rate of 7.82%. Under the baseline scenario, carbon storage is projected to reach 1044.62 Mt CO₂e by 2060 (4.63% yr⁻¹). Scenario analysis indicated that the average annual carbon storage over 2025–2060 ranges from 553.20 Mt CO₂e (market-driven scenario) to 555.66 Mt CO₂e (technology-driven scenario). These findings elucidated the pathways, efficiencies, and contributions of carbon sequestration from harvested culms to bamboo product carbon pools under a whole-culm utilization framework, thereby addressing key methodological gaps in bamboo product carbon accounting. This study thus provides a scientific basis for optimizing full life cycle bamboo carbon sink management, developing robust methodologies for bamboo carbon projects, and refining national greenhouse gas inventories.</p>