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<p>It remains unclear how hunter-gatherers used plant resources to adapt to climate change during the LGM in southern China. In this study, new pollen and archaeobotanical results from Weijia Cave were used to analyse vegetation-climate change and plant exploitation of hunter-gatherers, then fossil pollen dataset and archaeological data from across China were used to evaluate the potential of nuts in the adaptation of hunter-gatherers to climate change during the LGM. Pollen analysis results show that vegetation around Weijia Cave was dominated by coniferous trees and the climate was quite cold during ca. 30000–19500 cal yr BP; the reduction of coniferous trees and the increase of broad-leaved trees suggested a warm trend in climate during ca. 19500–12500 cal yr BP. The hunter-gatherers at Weijia Cave adopted a plant exploitation strategy of diversified resource utilization centred on fat-rich nuts at the end of MIS 3, then transitioned to intensified tannin-rich acorn exploitation during the LGM to cope with the severe climate conditions. The sustained high-coverage of nut trees in southern China provided the hunter-gatherers with a low-cost adaptive strategy to address winter food shortages through prioritized nut exploitation during the LGM.</p>

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Early nut exploitation and its potential for the adaptation of hunter-gatherers to climate change during the LGM in southern China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Qingjiang Yang,
  • Keliang Zhao,
  • Lingxia Zhao,
  • Xinying Zhou,
  • Lili Lu,
  • Yaping Zhang,
  • Lizhao Zhang,
  • Jian Wang,
  • Xinyi Lu,
  • Xiaoqiang Li

摘要

It remains unclear how hunter-gatherers used plant resources to adapt to climate change during the LGM in southern China. In this study, new pollen and archaeobotanical results from Weijia Cave were used to analyse vegetation-climate change and plant exploitation of hunter-gatherers, then fossil pollen dataset and archaeological data from across China were used to evaluate the potential of nuts in the adaptation of hunter-gatherers to climate change during the LGM. Pollen analysis results show that vegetation around Weijia Cave was dominated by coniferous trees and the climate was quite cold during ca. 30000–19500 cal yr BP; the reduction of coniferous trees and the increase of broad-leaved trees suggested a warm trend in climate during ca. 19500–12500 cal yr BP. The hunter-gatherers at Weijia Cave adopted a plant exploitation strategy of diversified resource utilization centred on fat-rich nuts at the end of MIS 3, then transitioned to intensified tannin-rich acorn exploitation during the LGM to cope with the severe climate conditions. The sustained high-coverage of nut trees in southern China provided the hunter-gatherers with a low-cost adaptive strategy to address winter food shortages through prioritized nut exploitation during the LGM.