<p>Continental deformation on the Earth’s surface is an extremely complex geological process, in which the formation and evolution of sedimentary basins are closely related to plate motions and mantle activities. Combining sedimentary basins with orogenic belts and sedimentary responses with tectonic activities can comprehensively elucidate the geological processes during the Earth’s evolution. This paper focuses on the multi-stage evolution of the Ordos Basin, the coupled basin-mountain systems and energy resources, discusses the evolution of the Ordos Basin and its coupling relationship with the peripheral tectonic belts, and further reveals the intrinsic connections and influencing factors of the energy resources in the basin. The conclusions are as follows: There are three large sedimentary hiatuses (Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian, Late Ordovician-Early Carboniferous, and Late Cretaceous-Paleogene) and many small minor sedimentary hiatuses in the Ordos Block, which are mainly related to the tectonic activities, but also affected by the changes of the sea level and the climate. The Ordos Basin is a Meso-Cenozoic superposition basin formed by the contraction and reworking of the remnants of the Paleozoic cratonic basin, and its depositional extent and subsidence center have undergone multi-stage evolution, which was mainly influenced by the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. Influenced by the multi-directional convergence of peripheral plates in the North China Craton and the transformation of its own deep tectono-thermal regime, many coupled basin-mountain systems were formed with the Ordos Basin and the Yinshan orogenic belt, the Qinling orogenic belt, the Lvliangshan tectonic belt, the Helanshan tectonic belt or the Liupanshan tectonic belt as the core. The formation and enrichment of energy resources in the Ordos Basin are controlled by the tectono-sedimentary response, basin-mountain coupling evolution, and Early Cretaceous tectono-thermal events. All of them were gradually enriched into deposits during the formation, evolution, and reworking of the basin, and have a certain relationship of generation and coexistence, so they should belong to the same reservoir-forming (ore-forming) system. This study not only is helpful for revealing the coupling relationship between peripheral plate motions and internal mantle activities of the North China Craton, but also is of great significance for establishing the Earth’s multi-layer coupling model and super energy system.</p>