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<p>The Okhotsk Sea, located at the northern margin of the influence of the East Asian Summer Monsoon, is the southernmost boundary of the modern Northern Hemisphere seasonal sea-ice and a ventilation source of the North Pacific Intermediate Water. It is highly sensitive to the responses and feedbacks of global climate change, serving as a natural laboratory for investigating environmental changes. Due to limitations in individual research materials, our understanding of the basin-scale environmental evolution in the Okhotsk Sea remains insufficient. Here, we integrated paleoenvironmental records from 30 stations in the Okhotsk Sea and rephased the chronological scales of these cores. On this basis, we reconstructed the basin-scale evolutionary histories of sea surface temperature, sea-ice activity, surface productivity, and intermediate water ventilation in the Okhotsk Sea over the past 30 thousand years (kyr), and proposed two conceptual models of environmental evolution: the “glacial-type” dominated by sea ice and the “interglacial-type” co-dominated by sea ice and ocean currents. During the last glacial period (30–18 kyr), the marine environment in the study area was characterized by low sea surface temperature, expanded sea ice, weak intermediate water ventilation, and low surface productivity. The late Holocene (&lt;6 kyr) exhibited high sea surface temperature, retreated sea ice, strong intermediate water ventilation, and high surface productivity, with sediments dominated by siliceous components. During the Bølling-Allerød (BA, 14.7–12.9 kyr) and Preboreal (11–9.7 kyr) warm periods, the marine environmental pattern in the study area was generally similar to the “interglacial-type”, but the intermediate water was significantly hypoxic. During Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1, 18–15 kyr) and the Younger Dryas (YD, 12.9–11.7 kyr), the marine environmental pattern was similar to the “glacial-type”, but with enhanced intermediate water ventilation. The evolution of environmental elements in the Okhotsk Sea over the past 30 kyr has been jointly shaped by external forcings, internal feedbacks, and climate processes in high and low latitudes.</p>

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Basin-scale environmental evolution in the Okhotsk Sea controlled by multiple factors over the past 30000 years

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Qingchao Wang,
  • Jianjun Zou,
  • Xuguang Feng,
  • Ruxi Dou,
  • Zhi Dong,
  • Aimei Zhu,
  • Yanguang Liu,
  • Xuefa Shi

摘要

The Okhotsk Sea, located at the northern margin of the influence of the East Asian Summer Monsoon, is the southernmost boundary of the modern Northern Hemisphere seasonal sea-ice and a ventilation source of the North Pacific Intermediate Water. It is highly sensitive to the responses and feedbacks of global climate change, serving as a natural laboratory for investigating environmental changes. Due to limitations in individual research materials, our understanding of the basin-scale environmental evolution in the Okhotsk Sea remains insufficient. Here, we integrated paleoenvironmental records from 30 stations in the Okhotsk Sea and rephased the chronological scales of these cores. On this basis, we reconstructed the basin-scale evolutionary histories of sea surface temperature, sea-ice activity, surface productivity, and intermediate water ventilation in the Okhotsk Sea over the past 30 thousand years (kyr), and proposed two conceptual models of environmental evolution: the “glacial-type” dominated by sea ice and the “interglacial-type” co-dominated by sea ice and ocean currents. During the last glacial period (30–18 kyr), the marine environment in the study area was characterized by low sea surface temperature, expanded sea ice, weak intermediate water ventilation, and low surface productivity. The late Holocene (<6 kyr) exhibited high sea surface temperature, retreated sea ice, strong intermediate water ventilation, and high surface productivity, with sediments dominated by siliceous components. During the Bølling-Allerød (BA, 14.7–12.9 kyr) and Preboreal (11–9.7 kyr) warm periods, the marine environmental pattern in the study area was generally similar to the “interglacial-type”, but the intermediate water was significantly hypoxic. During Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1, 18–15 kyr) and the Younger Dryas (YD, 12.9–11.7 kyr), the marine environmental pattern was similar to the “glacial-type”, but with enhanced intermediate water ventilation. The evolution of environmental elements in the Okhotsk Sea over the past 30 kyr has been jointly shaped by external forcings, internal feedbacks, and climate processes in high and low latitudes.