<p>The Kangdian terrane in the western South China block, having witnessed the Cenozoic continental oblique collision, is one of the few regions globally where orogenic gold and porphyry gold-polymetallic deposits are closely spatially-temporally associated. The control of regional lithospheric evolution on mineralization remains unclear. This study reveals that inherited zircons from the 30.0–24.6 Ma intrusions along the terrane’s western boundary, which intruded the Proterozoic igneous rocks, exhibit abundant Proterozoic to Cenozoic ages. This indicates the eastward wedging of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks beneath the Ailaoshan Proterozoic granites, which potentially drove the early Paleogene shearing along the boundary and crustal rotating within the terrane. Orogenic gold deposits derived from metasomatized lithospheric mantle were controlled by large-scale shear zones along terrane boundaries. Hydrothermal monazite U-Pb dating and published mineralization ages of orogenic gold deposits demonstrate two mineralization episodes at 52–45 Ma and 30–25 Ma, corresponding to crustal compression and shearing phases during continental collision, respectively. Porphyry gold-polymetallic deposits, coeval with volcanic extensional basins and lamprophyre swarms, formed at ca. 35 Ma during the transition from compression to shearing. Paleomagnetic and petrochemical data suggest their formation under crustal rotation within thickened crust. It was revealed that the Cenozoic mafic and felsic rocks in the terrane share similar Nd isotopic compositions, indicating their analogue mantle source from which felsic magma leading to porphyry mineralization was derived. This study demonstrates that mantle devolatilization and shearing along terrane boundaries generated orogenic gold mineralization during stress relaxation, while the evolution of mantle-derived magmatic systems associated with crustal rotation within the terrane governed porphyry gold-polymetallic mineralization during the tectonic transition.</p>