<p>Large igneous provinces are generally thought to promote the formation of hydrothermal dolomites and associated reservoirs via tectonic-hydrothermal activity and thermal convection. However, this view has been recently challenged, as abundant non-hydrothermal dolomites have been discovered around the center of the Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province in the Sichuan Basin, China. To better understand the effects of large igneous provinces on dolomite, we review the current research status in this field and also present a case study of a petrological and geochemical investigation of the Maokou Formation in the Xinjigu section in the intermediate zone of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province. The reviews show that large-scale dolomitization associated with large igneous provinces is universally attributable to tectonic-hydrothermal processes and thermal convection, both of which are related to thermal effects, and the properties of the dolomitizing fluids control the differences in the dolomite reservoirs. Our study found that the finely crystalline dolomites in the Xinjigu section are the products of coeval seawater dolomitization, while the hydrothermal dolomites (i.e., medium-grained dolomites) are developed on a limited scale due to the minor regional tectonism and absence of pathways for hydrothermal fluids. The differential uplift-subsidence caused by the ascending Emeishan mantle plume controls the penecontemporaneous dolomitization and karstification, which leads to large-scale facies-controlled dolomites and reservoirs. These dolomites are mainly distributed in the sedimentary highland areas controlled by the inner and intermediate zones of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province and the extensional margin. These dolomites are larger in scale than hydrothermal dolomites, and thus of great significance for oil and gas exploration.</p>