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<p>In monitoring and predicting high-impact weather (HIW) events, targeted atmospheric temperature and moisture sounding observations in sensitive areas are more valuable than conventional observations. The conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method and the linear singular vector (SV) method can be employed to identify these weather-sensitive areas for targeted observations. Such observations can be conducted by using hyperspectral infrared sounders onboard geostationary weather satellites. The Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) onboard China’s Fengyun (FY)-4 geostationary satellite series can provide atmospheric sounding observations with a temporal resolution of up to 15 min over areas prone to active weather events. GIIRS offers unprecedented opportunities for targeted observations, enabling flexible measurement modes that focus on weather-sensitive areas. High-temporal-resolution measurements not only reveal the three-dimensional (3D) thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere, but also track moisture characteristics to capture the 3D dynamic structure. Moreover, high-temporal-resolution measurements of clear radiances can enhance atmospheric sounding retrievals (used for HIW situation awareness) and data assimilation (used to improve numerical weather prediction). The four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) system facilitates the utilization of the high-temporal-resolution GIIRS targeted observations. In this study, we explore the applications of FY-4A and FY-4B GIIRS targeted observations and focus on data assimilation based on the 4D-Var system for improving HIW forecasts. Several typhoon cases are selected for impact analysis. Moreover, we compare CNOP and SV methods for identifying sensitive areas, and use the 4D-Var assimilation system of the Global Assimilation Forecasting System of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA-GFS) for real-time data assimilation. The results indicate high-temporal-resolution observations positively impact typhoon forecasts, with higher temporal resolution yielding greater benefits. This highlights the substantial value of FY-4 GIIRS targeted observations in forecasting HIW events.</p>

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Targeted sounding observations from geostationary satellite and impacts on high impact weather forecasts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月14日

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  • Wei Han,
  • Ruoying Yin,
  • Jun Li,
  • Yongzhu Liu,
  • Jincheng Wang,
  • Yonghui Li,
  • Xiaohao Qin,
  • Zhiqing Zhang,
  • Xueshun Shen

摘要

In monitoring and predicting high-impact weather (HIW) events, targeted atmospheric temperature and moisture sounding observations in sensitive areas are more valuable than conventional observations. The conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method and the linear singular vector (SV) method can be employed to identify these weather-sensitive areas for targeted observations. Such observations can be conducted by using hyperspectral infrared sounders onboard geostationary weather satellites. The Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) onboard China’s Fengyun (FY)-4 geostationary satellite series can provide atmospheric sounding observations with a temporal resolution of up to 15 min over areas prone to active weather events. GIIRS offers unprecedented opportunities for targeted observations, enabling flexible measurement modes that focus on weather-sensitive areas. High-temporal-resolution measurements not only reveal the three-dimensional (3D) thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere, but also track moisture characteristics to capture the 3D dynamic structure. Moreover, high-temporal-resolution measurements of clear radiances can enhance atmospheric sounding retrievals (used for HIW situation awareness) and data assimilation (used to improve numerical weather prediction). The four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) system facilitates the utilization of the high-temporal-resolution GIIRS targeted observations. In this study, we explore the applications of FY-4A and FY-4B GIIRS targeted observations and focus on data assimilation based on the 4D-Var system for improving HIW forecasts. Several typhoon cases are selected for impact analysis. Moreover, we compare CNOP and SV methods for identifying sensitive areas, and use the 4D-Var assimilation system of the Global Assimilation Forecasting System of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA-GFS) for real-time data assimilation. The results indicate high-temporal-resolution observations positively impact typhoon forecasts, with higher temporal resolution yielding greater benefits. This highlights the substantial value of FY-4 GIIRS targeted observations in forecasting HIW events.