<p>Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) overcomes all known tomato resistance genes, including the durable <i>Tm-2</i><sup>2</sup>, posing a serious threat to global tomato production. Here, we employed <i>in vitro</i> random mutagenesis to evolve the Tm-2<sup>2</sup> leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain and screened ∼8,000 variants for gain-of-function mutants capable of recognizing the ToBRFV movement protein (MP) and triggering hypersensitive cell death. We identified five such mutants. Among them, Tm-2<sup>2-S723Y</sup> and Tm-2<sup>2-N744D</sup> induced strong, specific cell death upon co-expression with ToBRFV MP, while retaining recognition of TMV MP. Transgenic <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> and tomato plants expressing Tm-2<sup>2-S723Y</sup> resisted the naturally occurring ToBRFV (ToBRFV<sup>E132</sup>). However, after prolonged infection, ToBRFV<sup>E132</sup> evolved an E132K substitution in its MP, and the newly appeared ToBRFV<sup>K132</sup> evaded <i>Tm-2</i><sup><i>2-S723Y</i></sup>-mediated resistance. However, Tm-2<sup>2-N744D</sup> still recognized MP<sup>K132</sup>, and the double mutant Tm-2<sup>2-S723Y/N744D</sup> conferred broad resistance against ToBRFV<sup>E132</sup>, ToBRFV<sup>K132</sup>, and tobacco mosaic virus in stable transgenic tomato. Our work demonstrates that artificial NLR evolution can generate broad-spectrum resistance against tobamovirus.</p>

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Engineering resistance genes against tomato brown rugose fruit virus

  • Junzhu Wang,
  • Tianxin Shen,
  • Mengjie Song,
  • Jiayi Fan,
  • Yiqing Li,
  • Toto Zen Chin,
  • Yidan Yu,
  • Fan Huang,
  • Xiuling Yang,
  • Changbao Li,
  • Xueping Zhou,
  • Chuanyou Li,
  • Yiguo Hong,
  • Yule Liu

摘要

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) overcomes all known tomato resistance genes, including the durable Tm-22, posing a serious threat to global tomato production. Here, we employed in vitro random mutagenesis to evolve the Tm-22 leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain and screened ∼8,000 variants for gain-of-function mutants capable of recognizing the ToBRFV movement protein (MP) and triggering hypersensitive cell death. We identified five such mutants. Among them, Tm-22-S723Y and Tm-22-N744D induced strong, specific cell death upon co-expression with ToBRFV MP, while retaining recognition of TMV MP. Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato plants expressing Tm-22-S723Y resisted the naturally occurring ToBRFV (ToBRFVE132). However, after prolonged infection, ToBRFVE132 evolved an E132K substitution in its MP, and the newly appeared ToBRFVK132 evaded Tm-22-S723Y-mediated resistance. However, Tm-22-N744D still recognized MPK132, and the double mutant Tm-22-S723Y/N744D conferred broad resistance against ToBRFVE132, ToBRFVK132, and tobacco mosaic virus in stable transgenic tomato. Our work demonstrates that artificial NLR evolution can generate broad-spectrum resistance against tobamovirus.