<p>Temperature sensation is critical for shaping animal survival strategies and behavioral responses. Animals developed intricate physiological mechanisms to detect ambient temperature due to its profound impact on biological systems. This review consolidates existing research on the molecular mechanisms of animal temperature sensation, focusing on molecular thermosensors, neural pathways, and physiological adaptations, highlighting their evolutionary significance and role in adapting to environmental change. Here, we explore the physiological basis of temperature sensation, including molecular thermosensors and the neural pathways involved in thermoregulation. The ecological significance of temperature sensation is underscored by its influence on species distribution, seasonal behavior, migration patterns, and survival adaptation in climate change. Future research directions could involve a more in-depth exploration of the molecular basis of thermosensation, the functional diversity of thermosensors, and the integration of thermal information. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the complex interplay between temperature sensation and animal physiology, offering insights into the adaptive strategies of species in the face of environmental challenges.</p>