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<p>Rare earth elements (REEs) exhibit unique electronic structures and physicochemical properties, making them key components in advanced inorganic functional materials. The spatial distribution of rare earth, which is primarily governed by diffusion processes during synthesis and operation, critically determines material structure and performance, especially in catalytic systems. This review focuses on rare earth diffusion as a fundamental mechanism linking synthesis, structure, and functionality. We first outline the intrinsic electronic characteristics of REEs and the basic principles of solid-state diffusion. Typical diffusion-induced distribution states, including lattice substitution, interfacial structure, and surface dispersion, are then summarized, together with their effects on local structure and electronic modulation. Finally, the role of diffusion-controlled design in optimizing catalytic performance is discussed, providing a conceptual framework for the rational engineering of rare-earth-based inorganic materials.</p>

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Rare-earth diffusion for oriented design of inorganic materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Jiamin Zhu,
  • Yidi Shi,
  • Nan Zhang,
  • Gang Sheng,
  • Yaxiong Yao,
  • Qian-Li Ma,
  • Mengyao Xiao,
  • Li An,
  • Pinxian Xi,
  • Chun-Hua Yan

摘要

Rare earth elements (REEs) exhibit unique electronic structures and physicochemical properties, making them key components in advanced inorganic functional materials. The spatial distribution of rare earth, which is primarily governed by diffusion processes during synthesis and operation, critically determines material structure and performance, especially in catalytic systems. This review focuses on rare earth diffusion as a fundamental mechanism linking synthesis, structure, and functionality. We first outline the intrinsic electronic characteristics of REEs and the basic principles of solid-state diffusion. Typical diffusion-induced distribution states, including lattice substitution, interfacial structure, and surface dispersion, are then summarized, together with their effects on local structure and electronic modulation. Finally, the role of diffusion-controlled design in optimizing catalytic performance is discussed, providing a conceptual framework for the rational engineering of rare-earth-based inorganic materials.