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<p>Silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent electrodes are widely used in flexible organic photovoltaics (OPVs) due to the combination of excellent mechanical flexibility and optoelectronic properties. But their discontinuous (porous) structure limits the collection of charges in the pores. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the metal oxide electron transporting layer increases its lateral conductance, which helps to collect electrons generated in the pores. However, long-term UV irradiation will degrade the device performance. In this work, an ultra-thin 2.5-nanometer amorphous indium tin oxide (a-ITO) was deposited on the surface of AgNWs electrodes to supplement the charge collection in the pores of the electrodes, getting rid of the dependence on UV light. The improved lateral conductivity enhances efficiency as well as operational stability of large-area flexible OPV modules. Flexible modules based on AgNWs-em-<i>c</i>PVA/a-ITO (AgNWs-em-<i>c</i>PVA denotes AgNWs embedded in crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol) achieved an efficiency of 15.77% (active area: 32.5 cm<sup>2</sup>, active layer of D18:L8-BO) with a high fill factor of 74.60%. Moreover, a flexible large-area OPV module (active layer of PM6:BTP-eC9:PC<sub>71</sub>BM) retained 93.4% of its initial output power after 1200 h of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) test.</p>

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Achieving large-area flexible organic photovoltaic modules with efficiency exceeding 15.7% via improving lateral conductance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Xin Lu,
  • Yang Liu,
  • Xingjie Liu,
  • Yuanyuan Wang,
  • Zedong Xiong,
  • Ruiyu Tian,
  • Yinhua Zhou

摘要

Silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent electrodes are widely used in flexible organic photovoltaics (OPVs) due to the combination of excellent mechanical flexibility and optoelectronic properties. But their discontinuous (porous) structure limits the collection of charges in the pores. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the metal oxide electron transporting layer increases its lateral conductance, which helps to collect electrons generated in the pores. However, long-term UV irradiation will degrade the device performance. In this work, an ultra-thin 2.5-nanometer amorphous indium tin oxide (a-ITO) was deposited on the surface of AgNWs electrodes to supplement the charge collection in the pores of the electrodes, getting rid of the dependence on UV light. The improved lateral conductivity enhances efficiency as well as operational stability of large-area flexible OPV modules. Flexible modules based on AgNWs-em-cPVA/a-ITO (AgNWs-em-cPVA denotes AgNWs embedded in crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol) achieved an efficiency of 15.77% (active area: 32.5 cm2, active layer of D18:L8-BO) with a high fill factor of 74.60%. Moreover, a flexible large-area OPV module (active layer of PM6:BTP-eC9:PC71BM) retained 93.4% of its initial output power after 1200 h of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) test.