<p>Electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) is crucial for sustainable carbon cycling, while its efficiency is hindered by sluggish kinetics, competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and CO₂ mass transport limitation. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) feature tunable structures, high porosity, and diverse functionalities, making them highly valuable for the CO₂RR. They can not only serve as direct CO₂RR catalysts, producing C₁ or C₂₊ products via their metal nodes, organic linkers, or guest species, but also function as effective modulators of the reaction microenvironment. Notably, MOFs can improve the local CO₂ concentration through adsorption and molecular sieving, modulate surface hydrophobicity to stabilize the triple-phase boundary (TPB) and suppress HER, as well as precisely tune ion conduction to reduce the resistance and stabilize key reaction intermediates. This review summarizes recent advancements in MOF-based catalysts for CO₂RR, exploring their diverse active sites for C₁ and C₂₊ products formation, highlighting strategies for performance enhancement through microenvironment modulation, and proposing future research directions for employing MOFs to advance CO₂RR.</p>