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<p>Aqueous zinc-manganese batteries have received widespread attention due to their safe and low-cost features, but there is a great contradiction between low water activity and high ionic conductivity in aqueous electrolytes. Herein, a solid-liquid hybrid electrolyte was rationally designed to construct a “hive-and-honey” structure. The layered montmorillonite (MMT) with excellent mechanical stability serves as the “hive” for water retention, while the kaolinite (KL) with superior surface adsorption and hydrophilicity acts as the “honey” to facilitate ion transport through interconnected channels between the “hive”. Due to the strong adsorption of water molecules by MMT, it can reclaim water molecules effectively after promoting [Zn(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub><i>x</i></sub>]<sup>2+</sup> desolvation at the Zn anode interface to avoid the HER. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of MMT “hive” ensure the rigidity of the whole hybrid electrolyte and the uniformly distributed ion transportation channels along the KL “honey”, exhibiting the uniform Zn deposition morphology. As a result, this optimized electrolyte achieves high ionic conductivity (28.3 mS cm<sup>−1</sup>) and low desolvation energy. The Zn//Zn symmetric cells show excellent cycling stability over 700 h. The Zn//α-MnO<sub>2</sub> full cells enable a stable life over 200 cycles and pouch cells maintain 94% capacity retention after 40 cycles and exhibit stable output even after resting and bending.</p>

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“Hive-and-honey” solid-liquid hybrid electrolyte with high conductivity for stable aqueous Zn-MnO2 batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Hailong Li,
  • Yicai Pan,
  • Xiaoxu Wang,
  • Xiaoyu Wu,
  • Jia Wu,
  • Zhexuan Liu,
  • Xin Wang,
  • Shuquan Liang,
  • Guozhao Fang

摘要

Aqueous zinc-manganese batteries have received widespread attention due to their safe and low-cost features, but there is a great contradiction between low water activity and high ionic conductivity in aqueous electrolytes. Herein, a solid-liquid hybrid electrolyte was rationally designed to construct a “hive-and-honey” structure. The layered montmorillonite (MMT) with excellent mechanical stability serves as the “hive” for water retention, while the kaolinite (KL) with superior surface adsorption and hydrophilicity acts as the “honey” to facilitate ion transport through interconnected channels between the “hive”. Due to the strong adsorption of water molecules by MMT, it can reclaim water molecules effectively after promoting [Zn(H2O)x]2+ desolvation at the Zn anode interface to avoid the HER. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of MMT “hive” ensure the rigidity of the whole hybrid electrolyte and the uniformly distributed ion transportation channels along the KL “honey”, exhibiting the uniform Zn deposition morphology. As a result, this optimized electrolyte achieves high ionic conductivity (28.3 mS cm−1) and low desolvation energy. The Zn//Zn symmetric cells show excellent cycling stability over 700 h. The Zn//α-MnO2 full cells enable a stable life over 200 cycles and pouch cells maintain 94% capacity retention after 40 cycles and exhibit stable output even after resting and bending.