<p>Antibiotic pollutants have become a global environmental challenge, with tetracycline (TC) antibiotics posing a severe threat to ecosystems due to their widespread use and resistance to degradation. In this study, InVO₄ nanocrystals were synthesized using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. By applying a band engineering strategy, a Z-scheme heterojunction was constructed by combining InVO₄ with BiVO₄, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was introduced to create a BiVO₄/rGO/InVO₄ ternary photocatalyst for the efficient degradation of TC. Structural characterization and theoretical calculations indicate that the construction of the Z-scheme heterojunction facilitates the spatial separation of photogenerated charge carriers while maintaining a high redox potential of the system (with a photocurrent density of 3.46 mA/cm²). The rGO, acting as an electron transfer bridge, significantly enhances the interface charge transfer rate and material stability. The optimized ternary system exhibits degradation rate constants for TC that are 3.9 times higher than BiVO₄, 21.5 times higher than InVO₄, and 1.8 times higher than BiVO₄/InVO₄ photoanodes, maintaining stable catalytic activity after five cycles. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the intermediate product evolution and toxicity assessments together verify the ecological safety of the degradation process. Density functional theory calculations combined with electron paramagnetic resonance measurements confirm that the oxidation path primarily driven by the synergistic action of h⁺, ·OH and ·O<Stack> ₂ ⁻ </Stack> radicals is the main mechanism for pollutant degradation. This study aims to develop an efficient and stable photocatalytic system by constructing a Z-scheme heterojunction composite system with a two-dimensional conductive medium, providing a theoretical basis and technical solution to address key issues such as low mass transfer efficiency and insufficient oxidation capacity in antibiotic pollution remediation.</p>