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<p>Carbazole-based self-assembled molecules have been widely adopted as hole-transporting layers (HTLs) in high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). However, their practical implementation has been constrained by their limited concentration in solutions and poor solvent tolerance. Herein, to address these limitations, we designed two novel trimeric molecules (TPACz-1 and TPACz-2) that synergistically integrate the structural merits of small molecules with the processing advantages of polymers. Notably, TPACz-2 showed exceptional hole-transporting capacity with uniform coverage on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates, coupled with robust processability characterized by an extended concentration tolerance range (0.2–1.0 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>) and compatibility with a broad range of solvents. Binary OSCs based on TPACz-2 showed an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.65% with a short-circuit current density of 27.49 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and a fill factor of 80.9%. At the same time, the corresponding ternary devices exhibited a high PCE exceeding 20%. Furthermore, the TPACz-based devices demonstrated superior ambient stability, retaining ~80% of their initial PCE after 680 h at 25% relative humidity, substantially outperforming conventional PEDOT:PSS-based counterparts. This work offers valuable guidance and highlights the crucial role of oligomeric molecular design as a pivotal strategy for the development of innovative HTLs in OSCs.</p>

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Trimeric carbazole phosphonic acid hole-transporting molecules with robust processability enhance the efficiency of organic solar cells to 20%

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月3日

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  • Tianqi Chen,
  • Yunxin Zhang,
  • Wenkai Zhao,
  • Yanyi Zhong,
  • Wanying Feng,
  • Baofa Lan,
  • Xuehang Dong,
  • Jingwen Yang,
  • Jiangbin Zhang,
  • Kai Han,
  • Guankui Long,
  • Bin Kan,
  • Yongsheng Chen

摘要

Carbazole-based self-assembled molecules have been widely adopted as hole-transporting layers (HTLs) in high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). However, their practical implementation has been constrained by their limited concentration in solutions and poor solvent tolerance. Herein, to address these limitations, we designed two novel trimeric molecules (TPACz-1 and TPACz-2) that synergistically integrate the structural merits of small molecules with the processing advantages of polymers. Notably, TPACz-2 showed exceptional hole-transporting capacity with uniform coverage on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates, coupled with robust processability characterized by an extended concentration tolerance range (0.2–1.0 mg mL−1) and compatibility with a broad range of solvents. Binary OSCs based on TPACz-2 showed an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.65% with a short-circuit current density of 27.49 mA cm−2 and a fill factor of 80.9%. At the same time, the corresponding ternary devices exhibited a high PCE exceeding 20%. Furthermore, the TPACz-based devices demonstrated superior ambient stability, retaining ~80% of their initial PCE after 680 h at 25% relative humidity, substantially outperforming conventional PEDOT:PSS-based counterparts. This work offers valuable guidance and highlights the crucial role of oligomeric molecular design as a pivotal strategy for the development of innovative HTLs in OSCs.