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<p>Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have garnered significant attentions for grid-scale energy storage due to the low cost and abundant sodium resources. Among the various cathode materials, sodium layered transition metal oxides (Na<sub><i>x</i></sub>TMO<sub>2</sub>) are considered highly promising for practical applications of SIBs relying on their high theoretical capacities and facile syntheses. However, the poor air stability, sluggish interfacial kinetics, and detrimental phase transitions of Na<sub><i>x</i></sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> commonly result in unsatisfactory cycling stability as well as inferior rate capability. In this review, recent achievements and progress in interfacial regulations aimed at improving the air stability and electrochemical performances of Na<sub><i>x</i></sub>TMO<sub>2</sub>, such as organic/inorganic coating, interfacial-coating-doping, and heterogeneous phase designing are summarized. Such approaches can not only enable the <i>in-situ</i> conversion of residual alkali and/or enhance the interfacial stability, but also improve the electrochemical reaction kinetics and mitigate phase evolutions. The structural stability enhancement mechanisms of Na<sub><i>x</i></sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> layered oxides resulted from surface reconstructions are profoundly discussed and the influences on their electrochemical properties are concluded in this work. Finally, we outlook the novel interfacial modification strategies like of layered-tunnel heterostructure building and organic-inorganic co-coating. The state-of-the-art characterization techniques and artificial intelligence are also elaborated to develop high-performance Na<sub><i>x</i></sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> cathodes in the future. We believe that the insights presented in this review can serve as meaningful guidance for the interfacial modulations of Na<sub><i>x</i></sub>TMO<sub>2</sub> cathodes.</p>

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Interfacial modulation engineering for sodium layered oxide cathode: air stability, ion-transfer kinetics, and phase evolution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月26日

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  • Qi-Cong Ling,
  • Qing-Qun Sun,
  • Yan-Jiang Li,
  • Zhuo-Zheng Hong,
  • Han-Shen Xin,
  • Xin-Yu Liu,
  • Yan-Fang Zhu,
  • Shi-Xue Dou,
  • Yao Xiao

摘要

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have garnered significant attentions for grid-scale energy storage due to the low cost and abundant sodium resources. Among the various cathode materials, sodium layered transition metal oxides (NaxTMO2) are considered highly promising for practical applications of SIBs relying on their high theoretical capacities and facile syntheses. However, the poor air stability, sluggish interfacial kinetics, and detrimental phase transitions of NaxTMO2 commonly result in unsatisfactory cycling stability as well as inferior rate capability. In this review, recent achievements and progress in interfacial regulations aimed at improving the air stability and electrochemical performances of NaxTMO2, such as organic/inorganic coating, interfacial-coating-doping, and heterogeneous phase designing are summarized. Such approaches can not only enable the in-situ conversion of residual alkali and/or enhance the interfacial stability, but also improve the electrochemical reaction kinetics and mitigate phase evolutions. The structural stability enhancement mechanisms of NaxTMO2 layered oxides resulted from surface reconstructions are profoundly discussed and the influences on their electrochemical properties are concluded in this work. Finally, we outlook the novel interfacial modification strategies like of layered-tunnel heterostructure building and organic-inorganic co-coating. The state-of-the-art characterization techniques and artificial intelligence are also elaborated to develop high-performance NaxTMO2 cathodes in the future. We believe that the insights presented in this review can serve as meaningful guidance for the interfacial modulations of NaxTMO2 cathodes.