<p>Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a revolutionary class of materials in the field of energy storage, particularly for aqueous batteries (ABs). Distinguished by their large surface area, tuneable porosity, and adaptable chemical activity, MOFs offer significant advantages over conventional materials in battery applications. This article provides a thorough analysis of the crucial role that MOFs play in improving the efficiency of ABs. It includes a concise review of the current research progress, emphasizing the fundamental processes by which MOFs enhance electrochemical efficiency. Additionally, the review examines the synthesis and design strategies for the structure of MOFs to maximize ion transport, improve conductivity, and enhance stability. The structural advantages, chemical versatility, stability, durability and functionalization potential of MOFs are comprehensively discussed. Moreover, we explore the distinct advantages of MOFs in overcoming common challenges encountered in ABs, such as declining capacity, inadequate cycling stability, and limited energy density. This paper also highlights the future research directions needed to fully harness their potential. Our goal is to develop a fundamental understanding and stimulate further progress in the use of MOFs for advanced energy storage solutions.</p>