<p>Solid-state polymer electrolytes hold the potential for market application due to the combination of advantageous properties, such as flexibility, ease of processing and low cost. However, the sluggish ion transport and poor high-voltage stability pose significant challenges for the practical application of polymer-based solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs). Therefore, the design and development of polymer-based SSLMBs toward fast-charge and high-voltage is of great significance in high-energy-density devices. Herein, this review deeply analyzes the mechanism of ion transport and anti-oxidation of polymer-based solid-state electrolytes. Furthermore, we also systematically and comprehensively summarize the factors that affect ionic conductivity and the electrochemical window. Moreover, we outline the solution strategies for simultaneously enhancing both ionic conductivity and high-voltage stability. Besides, we discuss the main challenges and the future prospects of polymer-based SSLMBs for further studies. It is hoped that this review can provide both advances and fundamentals to the research community and pave the way for the development of SSLMBs</p>