<p>In this paper, we consider the following stochastic differential equation for (<i>X</i><sub><i>t</i></sub>)<sub><i>t</i>⩾0</sub> on ℝ<sup><i>d</i></sup> and its Euler-Maruyama (EM) approximation <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11425_2024_2414_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="65" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((Y_{t_{n}})_{n\in \mathbb{Z}^{+}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>: <Equation ID="Equ1"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11425_2024_2414_Article_Equ1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="46" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="332" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\eqalign{&amp; d{X_t} = b({X_t})dt + \sigma ({X_t})d{B_t}, \cr &amp; {Y_{{t_{n + 1}}}} = {Y_{{t_n}}} + {\eta _{n + 1}}b({Y_{{t_n}}}) + \sigma ({Y_{{t_n}}})({B_{{t_{n + 1}}}} - {B_{{t_n}}}),}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mtable columnalign="right left" columnspacing="thickmathspace" displaystyle="true" rowspacing=".5em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>σ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>η</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>σ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </math></EquationSource> </Equation> where <i>b</i>: ℝ<sup><i>d</i></sup> ↦ ℝ<sup><i>d</i></sup>, <i>σ</i>: ℝ<sup><i>d</i></sup> ↦ ℝ<sup><i>d×d</i></sup> are measurable, <i>B</i><sub><i>t</i></sub> is the <i>d</i>-dimensional Brownian motion, <i>t</i><sub>0</sub>:= 0, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11425_2024_2414_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="101" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({t_n}: = \sum\nolimits_{k = 1}^n {{\eta _k}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> <mo>:=</mo> <msubsup> <mo movablelimits="false">∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>η</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for constants <i>η</i><sub><i>k</i></sub> &gt; 0 satisfying lim<sub><i>k</i>→∞</sub><i>η</i><sub><i>k</i></sub> = 0 and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11425_2024_2414_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="106" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sum\nolimits_{k = 1}^\infty {\;{\eta _k}} = \infty\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <msubsup> <mo movablelimits="false">∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </msubsup> <mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow> <msub> <mi>η</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We investigate the convergence rates of <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11425_2024_2414_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Y_{t_{n}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> under both additive and multiplicative noise settings for different smoothness levels of <i>b</i>. When the noise is additive and partial dissipation conditions hold, we obtain explicit convergence rates of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11425_2024_2414_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="272" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb{W}_{p}(ℒ(Y_{{t_n}}), ℒ(X_{{t_n}}))+\mathbb{W}_{p}(ℒ(Y_{{t_n}}),\mu)\rightarrow 0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as <i>n</i> → ∞, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11425_2024_2414_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb{W}_{p}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">W</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the <i>L</i><sup><i>p</i></sup>-Wasserstein distance for <i>p</i> ∈ [0, 1], <i>ℒ</i>(<i>ξ</i>) denotes the distribution of <i>ξ</i>, and <i>μ</i> is the unique invariant probability measure of (<i>X</i><sub><i>t</i></sub>)<sub><i>t</i>⩾0</sub>. When the noise is multiplicative and global dissipation conditions hold, the convergence rate of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11425_2024_2414_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="133" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb{W}_{p}(ℒ)(Y_{{t_n}}), ℒ(X_{{t_n}}))\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <i>p</i> ⩾ 2 is studied. Compared with the existing results where <i>b</i> is usually <i>C</i><sup>1</sup> or <i>C</i><sup>2</sup> smooth, our estimates apply to Hölder continuous drift and clearly demonstrate the dependence of the convergence rate on the smoothness of <i>b</i>.</p>

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Unadjusted Langevin algorithms for SDEs with Hölder drift

  • Xiang Li,
  • Fengyu Wang,
  • Lihu Xu

摘要

In this paper, we consider the following stochastic differential equation for (Xt)t⩾0 on ℝd and its Euler-Maruyama (EM) approximation \((Y_{t_{n}})_{n\in \mathbb{Z}^{+}}\) ( Y t n ) n Z + : \(\eqalign{& d{X_t} = b({X_t})dt + \sigma ({X_t})d{B_t}, \cr & {Y_{{t_{n + 1}}}} = {Y_{{t_n}}} + {\eta _{n + 1}}b({Y_{{t_n}}}) + \sigma ({Y_{{t_n}}})({B_{{t_{n + 1}}}} - {B_{{t_n}}}),}\) d X t = b ( X t ) d t + σ ( X t ) d B t , Y t n + 1 = Y t n + η n + 1 b ( Y t n ) + σ ( Y t n ) ( B t n + 1 B t n ) , where b: ℝd ↦ ℝd, σ: ℝd ↦ ℝd×d are measurable, Bt is the d-dimensional Brownian motion, t0:= 0, and \({t_n}: = \sum\nolimits_{k = 1}^n {{\eta _k}}\) t n := k = 1 n η k for constants ηk > 0 satisfying limk→∞ηk = 0 and \(\sum\nolimits_{k = 1}^\infty {\;{\eta _k}} = \infty\) k = 1 η k = . We investigate the convergence rates of \(Y_{t_{n}}\) Y t n under both additive and multiplicative noise settings for different smoothness levels of b. When the noise is additive and partial dissipation conditions hold, we obtain explicit convergence rates of \(\mathbb{W}_{p}(ℒ(Y_{{t_n}}), ℒ(X_{{t_n}}))+\mathbb{W}_{p}(ℒ(Y_{{t_n}}),\mu)\rightarrow 0\) as n → ∞, where \(\mathbb{W}_{p}\) W p is the Lp-Wasserstein distance for p ∈ [0, 1], (ξ) denotes the distribution of ξ, and μ is the unique invariant probability measure of (Xt)t⩾0. When the noise is multiplicative and global dissipation conditions hold, the convergence rate of \(\mathbb{W}_{p}(ℒ)(Y_{{t_n}}), ℒ(X_{{t_n}}))\) for p ⩾ 2 is studied. Compared with the existing results where b is usually C1 or C2 smooth, our estimates apply to Hölder continuous drift and clearly demonstrate the dependence of the convergence rate on the smoothness of b.