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<p>Seven new saponins (<b>1</b>–<b>7</b>) isolated from <i>Stenocereus eruca</i> (Cactaceae) and four new saponins (<b>8</b>–<b>11</b>) isolated from <i>Polaskia chichipe</i> (Cactaceae)　are described. Their structures were elucidated using high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis including <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC, H2BC, DQF-COSY, HSQC-TOCSY, phase sensitive TOCSY, 1D-TOCSY, phase sensitive NOESY, and ROESY experiments. One saponin required <i>J</i>-resolved spectroscopy experiments due to its complex <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum. The inhibitory activity of Aβ aggregation, and protective effects on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells against Aβ toxicity, were evaluated. Only <b>7</b> showed weak inhibitory activity of Aβ aggregation at 100 µM compared to the control group. No compounds showed obvious protective effects, but <b>8</b> possessed a very weak protective effect on SH-SY5Y cells. The acetylation of the C-16, C-22, and C-30 hydroxyl groups could be important for inhibitory activity of Aβ aggregation and protective effects on SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ toxicity.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Saponins from cactus and their inhibitory effects on amyloid β aggregation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Koji Fujihara,
  • Hiroaki Sasaki,
  • Shin Koike,
  • Yuki Ogasawara,
  • Kaoru Kinoshita

摘要

Seven new saponins (1–7) isolated from Stenocereus eruca (Cactaceae) and four new saponins (8–11) isolated from Polaskia chichipe (Cactaceae)　are described. Their structures were elucidated using high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis including 1H and 13C NMR, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC, H2BC, DQF-COSY, HSQC-TOCSY, phase sensitive TOCSY, 1D-TOCSY, phase sensitive NOESY, and ROESY experiments. One saponin required J-resolved spectroscopy experiments due to its complex 1H NMR spectrum. The inhibitory activity of Aβ aggregation, and protective effects on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells against Aβ toxicity, were evaluated. Only 7 showed weak inhibitory activity of Aβ aggregation at 100 µM compared to the control group. No compounds showed obvious protective effects, but 8 possessed a very weak protective effect on SH-SY5Y cells. The acetylation of the C-16, C-22, and C-30 hydroxyl groups could be important for inhibitory activity of Aβ aggregation and protective effects on SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ toxicity.

Graphical abstract