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<p>Transnational organized crime (TOC) poses significant challenges for law enforcement, especially in the context of Sino–European cooperation. While previous studies emphasize structural models and legal frameworks, little empirical work has examined how cultural orientations and professional dispositions shape cooperative outcomes. This article addresses that gap by analyzing policy documents and 33 qualitative interviews with officers and experts in China, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and the Netherlands. Using Liu’s relationism theory of criminal justice and Bourdieu’s concept of habitus, we develop an integrated framework to explain how divergent logics of relationism and individualism influence trust, evidentiary standards, organizational practice, and reciprocity in cross-border policing. Findings show recurring tensions: European officers stress transparency, codified procedure, and rights-based accountability, while Chinese officers emphasize sincerity, reciprocity, and relational trust. These differences often generate mistrust but also create opportunities for adaptation through training exchanges, liaison work, and other mechanisms that improve coordination across institutional divides.</p>

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Relationism and Habitus in Cross-Cultural Police Cooperation: Sino–European Encounters in Policing Transnational Organized Crime

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Xuhong Zuo,
  • Hongming Cheng

摘要

Transnational organized crime (TOC) poses significant challenges for law enforcement, especially in the context of Sino–European cooperation. While previous studies emphasize structural models and legal frameworks, little empirical work has examined how cultural orientations and professional dispositions shape cooperative outcomes. This article addresses that gap by analyzing policy documents and 33 qualitative interviews with officers and experts in China, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and the Netherlands. Using Liu’s relationism theory of criminal justice and Bourdieu’s concept of habitus, we develop an integrated framework to explain how divergent logics of relationism and individualism influence trust, evidentiary standards, organizational practice, and reciprocity in cross-border policing. Findings show recurring tensions: European officers stress transparency, codified procedure, and rights-based accountability, while Chinese officers emphasize sincerity, reciprocity, and relational trust. These differences often generate mistrust but also create opportunities for adaptation through training exchanges, liaison work, and other mechanisms that improve coordination across institutional divides.