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<p>RRSC-128AEAD is a lightweight stream cipher supporting Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD) to ensure message integrity and authenticity. Using a 128-bit key and 128-bit nonce, it generates two parallel pseudo-random bit streams, one for encryption and one for authentication, and produces a 64-bit Message Authentication Code (MAC) following NIST specifications. Randomness quality is verified using the online NIST statistical test suite. Compared with the NIST standardized GRAIN-128AEAD, the proposed design offers improved key reintroduction and reduced key leakage probability. Although both ciphers share the same initialization cost, features such as dual independent bit streams, a larger internal state, variable-length associated data, and a dynamic masking technique enhance the security of RRSC-128AEAD. Hardware evaluation using VHDL on an Artix-7 FPGA shows that RRSC-128AEAD achieves higher frequency, higher throughput, and significantly lower area usage than GRAIN-128AEAD. These results confirm that RRSC-128AEAD is both cryptographically robust and highly efficient for resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) applications.</p>

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A new lightweight AEAD stream cipher based on dual random bit generation and NIST evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • Runa Chatterjee,
  • Rajdeep Chakraborty,
  • Ahmed A. Elngar

摘要

RRSC-128AEAD is a lightweight stream cipher supporting Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD) to ensure message integrity and authenticity. Using a 128-bit key and 128-bit nonce, it generates two parallel pseudo-random bit streams, one for encryption and one for authentication, and produces a 64-bit Message Authentication Code (MAC) following NIST specifications. Randomness quality is verified using the online NIST statistical test suite. Compared with the NIST standardized GRAIN-128AEAD, the proposed design offers improved key reintroduction and reduced key leakage probability. Although both ciphers share the same initialization cost, features such as dual independent bit streams, a larger internal state, variable-length associated data, and a dynamic masking technique enhance the security of RRSC-128AEAD. Hardware evaluation using VHDL on an Artix-7 FPGA shows that RRSC-128AEAD achieves higher frequency, higher throughput, and significantly lower area usage than GRAIN-128AEAD. These results confirm that RRSC-128AEAD is both cryptographically robust and highly efficient for resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) applications.