<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11401_2025_8_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb{B}(X)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">B</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space <i>X</i>. Consider an operator polynomial <Equation ID="Equ1"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11401_2025_8_Article_Equ1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="281" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(P(\lambda)=A_{m}\lambda^{m}+A_{m-1}\lambda^{m-1}+\cdots+A_{0},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mi>P</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>λ</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>λ</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </math></EquationSource> </Equation> where <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11401_2025_8_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="194" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_{i}\in\mathbb{B}(X),i=0,1,\cdots,m\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">B</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>m</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The numerical range of <i>P</i>(λ) is defined as <Equation ID="Equ2"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11401_2025_8_Article_Equ2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="379" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(W(P(\lambda))=\{\lambda\in\mathbb{C}:(P(\lambda)x,x)=0\;\text{for}\;\text{some}\;x\ne0\}.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mi>W</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>P</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>P</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mtext>for</mtext> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mtext>some</mtext> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>≠</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo> <mo>.</mo> </math></EquationSource> </Equation> The main goal of this paper is to respond to an open problem proposed by professor Li, and determine general conditions on connectivity, convexity and spectral inclusion property of <i>W</i>(<i>P</i>(λ)). They also consider the relationship between operator polynomial numerical range and block numerical range.</p>

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Geometry of Numerical Range of Linear Operator Polynomial

  • Deyu Wu,
  • Alatancang Chen

摘要

Let \(\mathbb{B}(X)\) B ( X ) be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space X. Consider an operator polynomial \(P(\lambda)=A_{m}\lambda^{m}+A_{m-1}\lambda^{m-1}+\cdots+A_{0},\) P ( λ ) = A m λ m + A m 1 λ m 1 + + A 0 , where \(A_{i}\in\mathbb{B}(X),i=0,1,\cdots,m\) A i B ( X ) , i = 0 , 1 , , m . The numerical range of P(λ) is defined as \(W(P(\lambda))=\{\lambda\in\mathbb{C}:(P(\lambda)x,x)=0\;\text{for}\;\text{some}\;x\ne0\}.\) W ( P ( λ ) ) = { λ C : ( P ( λ ) x , x ) = 0 for some x 0 } . The main goal of this paper is to respond to an open problem proposed by professor Li, and determine general conditions on connectivity, convexity and spectral inclusion property of W(P(λ)). They also consider the relationship between operator polynomial numerical range and block numerical range.