Dünndarmmotilitätsstörungen
摘要
Disorders of small bowel motility can be transient—e.g., in the context of acute infections—or chronic, and can significantly contribute to abdominal symptoms such as pain, bloating, nausea, diarrhea, or constipation. Chronic dysmotility frequently affects patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders such as functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, which are categorized as disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) according to the current classification. Gastrointestinal motility disorders play a variable role in the pathogenesis, but other pathomechanisms are also involved. In so-called enteric dysmotility, which cannot always be reliably distinguished from intestinal dysmotility in DGBI, small bowel motility disorders are so pronounced that they can be independently responsible for significant abdominal symptoms. Very severe small bowel motility disorders can lead to chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, in which chronic or recurrent (sub)ileus occurs, not due to a mechanical obstruction but solely due to a motility-related transport disorder. Tests for the presence of small bowel motility disorders are not part of the standard diagnostic workup for DGBI but are only considered in cases of severe, treatment-refractory symptoms. In such cases, the choice of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies is guided by the guidelines for intestinal motility disorders.