<p>Polyps are much less common in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract in comparison to the lower GI tract. They are mostly detected as incidental findings during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Epithelial lesions have to be differentiated from subepithelial tumors. A general endoscopic screening in the upper GI tract is currently not recommended in Germany (exception: hereditary risk groups). In some cases polyps are symptomatic, mostly with advanced tumor size. In this case or in cases of potentially malignant findings, a resection is necessary, which is normally carried out endoscopically. Surgical resections are rarely necessary. Epithelial lesions are removed using snare resection or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Advanced procedures, such as endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), submucosal tunnelling endoscopic resection (STER) or endoscopic full-thickness resection are available for subepithelial tumors. These procedures should primarily be carried out at centers with appropriate expertise. The endoscopic follow-up is determined by the tumor entity and the resection status.</p>