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Purpose <p>The sustainable disposal of organic municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and maize straw (MS) is crucial. Co-pyrolysis converts them into biochar, a potential soil amendment, but its mechanism of action via the rhizosphere microbiome is unclear. We hypothesized that optimized co-pyrolyzed biochar enhances crop performance by enriching specific, beneficial microbial functional modules.</p> Methods <p>Biochars were produced from OFMSW and MS at five ratios. A field experiment in a bayberry orchard assessed their impact on soil properties, enzyme activities, fruit quality, and yield. The rhizosphere bacterial community was analyzed using 16&#xa0;S rRNA sequencing, co-occurrence networks, Random Forest, and Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM).</p> Results <p>The O1M3 biochar (OFMSW: MS = 1:3) showed optimal properties and performance. It significantly improved key soil fertility indicators (pH, organic matter, available P and K) and enhanced fruit quality (sugar, vitamin C) and yield. Microbial analysis revealed O1M3 uniquely maximized bacterial diversity and enriched a specific functional module (Module 3) dominated by <i>Actinomycetota</i>. Soil pH and available potassium were the main drivers of this module. PLS-PM confirmed that the biochar’s effect on yield associated with the promotion of this beneficial microbial module.</p> Conclusion <p>Co-pyrolysis at a 1:3 ratio produces synergistic biochar that amends soil and selectively enriches a key <i>Actinomycetota</i>-dominated microbial functional module, which in turn drives improvements in crop yield and quality. This study elucidates a novel micro-ecological mechanism and provides a practical pathway for waste valorization in sustainable agriculture.</p>

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Co-pyrolyzed biochar enhances soil fertility and crop quality by modulating rhizosphere microbial functional modules

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Zhouyang Lin,
  • Jiaqi Li,
  • Yaquan Zhang,
  • Yi Lu,
  • Qingyun Chen,
  • Shengdao Shan,
  • Haifeng Zhuang,
  • Jianzhou Fu

摘要

Purpose

The sustainable disposal of organic municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and maize straw (MS) is crucial. Co-pyrolysis converts them into biochar, a potential soil amendment, but its mechanism of action via the rhizosphere microbiome is unclear. We hypothesized that optimized co-pyrolyzed biochar enhances crop performance by enriching specific, beneficial microbial functional modules.

Methods

Biochars were produced from OFMSW and MS at five ratios. A field experiment in a bayberry orchard assessed their impact on soil properties, enzyme activities, fruit quality, and yield. The rhizosphere bacterial community was analyzed using 16 S rRNA sequencing, co-occurrence networks, Random Forest, and Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM).

Results

The O1M3 biochar (OFMSW: MS = 1:3) showed optimal properties and performance. It significantly improved key soil fertility indicators (pH, organic matter, available P and K) and enhanced fruit quality (sugar, vitamin C) and yield. Microbial analysis revealed O1M3 uniquely maximized bacterial diversity and enriched a specific functional module (Module 3) dominated by Actinomycetota. Soil pH and available potassium were the main drivers of this module. PLS-PM confirmed that the biochar’s effect on yield associated with the promotion of this beneficial microbial module.

Conclusion

Co-pyrolysis at a 1:3 ratio produces synergistic biochar that amends soil and selectively enriches a key Actinomycetota-dominated microbial functional module, which in turn drives improvements in crop yield and quality. This study elucidates a novel micro-ecological mechanism and provides a practical pathway for waste valorization in sustainable agriculture.