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Purpose <p>Saline-alkaline stress poses a serious threat to crop yield and food security worldwide, and feasible remediation strategies are urgently needed.</p> Methods <p>In this study, bacteria <i>Bacillus zanthoxyli</i> P15, <i>Priestia aryabhattai</i> P18 and <i>Priestia megaterium</i> X7 with both salt-alkali-tolerant and plant-growth-promoting properties were used to construct bacterial consortium H6 (P15:P18:X7 = 2:1:2). The consortium was then loaded on humic acid (HA), biochar (BC), and their combined composite (HABC) via sodium alginate encapsulation. The immobilization significantly enhanced the survival of bacteria in saline-alkali soil.</p> Results <p>The obtained H6, HA, BC, HABC, HA-H6, BC-H6, HABC-H6 significantly improved the physicochemical properties and fertility of the saline-alkali soil, accompanied by the increased urease, sucrase and phosphatase activities, and the improved bacterial community. Furthermore, these treatments markedly increased the photosynthetic pigment content, osmoregulatory substances (soluble sugar, and soluble protein) content and root vitality, while decreasing MDA content and electrolyte leakage. Compared with CK, shoot dry weight of alfalfa increased by 27.66%, 51.09%, 72.07%, 82.29%, 92.10%, 107.30%, and 139.78% under H6, HA, BC, HABC, HA-H6, BC-H6, and HABC-H6 treatment, respectively, with corresponding increases in root dry weight of 21.46%, 27.12%, 37.27%, 44.76%, 66.22%, 89.68%, and 105.16%. Notably, all treatments reduced Na⁺ content and increased K⁺ content in alfalfa, leading to a lower Na⁺/K⁺ ratio. This effect was most pronounced in the HABC- H6 treatment, which decreased shoot and root Na⁺ content by 17.60% and 13.67%, respectively.</p> Conclusion <p>Collectively, these findings demonstrate the practical potential of humic acid/biochar-immobilized bacterial consortium for the eco-friendly remediation of saline-alkali soils.</p>

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Synergistic remediation of saline-alkali soil using a designed microbial consortium H6 with biochar and humic acid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Ting Wei,
  • Maomao Jiang,
  • Rongyi Hu,
  • Yi Zhao,
  • Peiqi Wang,
  • Chaowei Tian,
  • Li Hua,
  • Xueyan Hou,
  • Fengqiu An,
  • Junkang Guo

摘要

Purpose

Saline-alkaline stress poses a serious threat to crop yield and food security worldwide, and feasible remediation strategies are urgently needed.

Methods

In this study, bacteria Bacillus zanthoxyli P15, Priestia aryabhattai P18 and Priestia megaterium X7 with both salt-alkali-tolerant and plant-growth-promoting properties were used to construct bacterial consortium H6 (P15:P18:X7 = 2:1:2). The consortium was then loaded on humic acid (HA), biochar (BC), and their combined composite (HABC) via sodium alginate encapsulation. The immobilization significantly enhanced the survival of bacteria in saline-alkali soil.

Results

The obtained H6, HA, BC, HABC, HA-H6, BC-H6, HABC-H6 significantly improved the physicochemical properties and fertility of the saline-alkali soil, accompanied by the increased urease, sucrase and phosphatase activities, and the improved bacterial community. Furthermore, these treatments markedly increased the photosynthetic pigment content, osmoregulatory substances (soluble sugar, and soluble protein) content and root vitality, while decreasing MDA content and electrolyte leakage. Compared with CK, shoot dry weight of alfalfa increased by 27.66%, 51.09%, 72.07%, 82.29%, 92.10%, 107.30%, and 139.78% under H6, HA, BC, HABC, HA-H6, BC-H6, and HABC-H6 treatment, respectively, with corresponding increases in root dry weight of 21.46%, 27.12%, 37.27%, 44.76%, 66.22%, 89.68%, and 105.16%. Notably, all treatments reduced Na⁺ content and increased K⁺ content in alfalfa, leading to a lower Na⁺/K⁺ ratio. This effect was most pronounced in the HABC- H6 treatment, which decreased shoot and root Na⁺ content by 17.60% and 13.67%, respectively.

Conclusion

Collectively, these findings demonstrate the practical potential of humic acid/biochar-immobilized bacterial consortium for the eco-friendly remediation of saline-alkali soils.