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Purpose <p>Straw return is widely promoted to improve agricultural sustainability in rice–wheat rotation systems in the middle and lower Yangtze River region in China. However, its effects on crop yield are highly variable without appropriate management practices. This study aimed to evaluate how short-term integrated straw return management, combining tillage practices with amendments, influences soil chemical properties and microbial communities associated with wheat yield.</p> Methods <p>A single-season field experiment was conducted in Nanjing, China employing a randomized complete block design with seven treatments: control (no straw return with no amendments and no tillage), and three amendments (straw decomposition inoculant, organic fertilizer, and their combination) crossed with two tillage practices (ploughing and rotary). Soil chemical properties, bacterial and fungal communities, and wheat yield components were analyzed at wheat maturity.</p> Results <p>Ploughing combined with straw-decomposition inoculant and organic fertilizer achieved the highest wheat yield of 6693.30&#xa0;kg ha⁻¹, representing a significantly higher yield than other straw return managements. This optimized management induced pronounced short-term changes in soil chemical properties, including increased soil organic matter, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and decreased ammonium nitrogen. Community feature analysis suggested that amendments and tillage practices jointly influenced bacterial and fungal community composition. Meta-network analysis identified a bacterial module (#4), mainly consisting of taxa enriched under the optimized management, including <i>Cellvibrio sp.</i> and <i>Lysobacter capsici</i>, that was significantly associated with wheat yield. Structural equation modeling further indicated that tillage and amendments indirectly affected wheat yield by mediating bacterial and fungal communities.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings indicate that the combination of ploughing with straw-decomposition inoculant and organic fertilizer was the optimal management strategy to achieve the highest wheat yield and highlight the short-term roles of integrated straw return management in linking soil chemical changes, microbial communities, and wheat yield. This study provides implications for residue management in rice–wheat rotation systems of the middle and lower Yangtze River region in China.</p>

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Integrated straw return with tillage and amendments enhances wheat yield by regulating soil properties and microbial communities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Ningqi Wang,
  • Xiaofeng Mai,
  • Yang Gao,
  • Feng Ni,
  • Yichao Hu,
  • Ying Guan,
  • Yikui Wang,
  • Weiliu Li,
  • Zhong Wei,
  • Xinlan Mei,
  • Yangchun Xu,
  • Tianjie Yang

摘要

Purpose

Straw return is widely promoted to improve agricultural sustainability in rice–wheat rotation systems in the middle and lower Yangtze River region in China. However, its effects on crop yield are highly variable without appropriate management practices. This study aimed to evaluate how short-term integrated straw return management, combining tillage practices with amendments, influences soil chemical properties and microbial communities associated with wheat yield.

Methods

A single-season field experiment was conducted in Nanjing, China employing a randomized complete block design with seven treatments: control (no straw return with no amendments and no tillage), and three amendments (straw decomposition inoculant, organic fertilizer, and their combination) crossed with two tillage practices (ploughing and rotary). Soil chemical properties, bacterial and fungal communities, and wheat yield components were analyzed at wheat maturity.

Results

Ploughing combined with straw-decomposition inoculant and organic fertilizer achieved the highest wheat yield of 6693.30 kg ha⁻¹, representing a significantly higher yield than other straw return managements. This optimized management induced pronounced short-term changes in soil chemical properties, including increased soil organic matter, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and decreased ammonium nitrogen. Community feature analysis suggested that amendments and tillage practices jointly influenced bacterial and fungal community composition. Meta-network analysis identified a bacterial module (#4), mainly consisting of taxa enriched under the optimized management, including Cellvibrio sp. and Lysobacter capsici, that was significantly associated with wheat yield. Structural equation modeling further indicated that tillage and amendments indirectly affected wheat yield by mediating bacterial and fungal communities.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that the combination of ploughing with straw-decomposition inoculant and organic fertilizer was the optimal management strategy to achieve the highest wheat yield and highlight the short-term roles of integrated straw return management in linking soil chemical changes, microbial communities, and wheat yield. This study provides implications for residue management in rice–wheat rotation systems of the middle and lower Yangtze River region in China.