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Purpose <p>Soil application of zinc (Zn) fertilizer has been demonstrated as an effective method to promote rice growth and increase Zn concentration in rice grains. However, in paddy environments, applied Zn is prone to fixation and reduced availability. While ZnO nanoparticles (nZnO) and biochar, as novel amendments, can enhance Zn availability, the long-term effects of their combined application on Zn speciation in paddy soils and Zn enrichment in rice grains remain unclear.</p> Methods <p>In this study, ZnO nanoparticles (nZnO) and biochar-based ZnO nanoparticles (BC-nZnO) were applied triennially under field conditions from 2021 to 2023.</p> Results <p>Results showed that BC-nZnO significantly increased soil available Zn, aggregate-available Zn, and rice grain Zn content compared to nZnO alone. Biochar was found to enhance grain Zn accumulation and utilization efficiency, as the BC-nZnO treatment resulted in the highest grain Zn levels. Additionally, biochar application significantly improved soil organic carbon (SOC) and OC within different aggregate size fractions (SOC<sub>2−0.25</sub>, SOC<sub>0.25−0.106</sub>, SOC<sub>0.106−0.053</sub>, SOC<sub>&lt; 0.053</sub>) compared to the control and nZnO treatments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that increases in available Zn and SOC, particularly within specific aggregate fractions, were the main contributors to enhanced grain Zn accumulation and utilization efficiency. While nZnO improved Zn availability, its combination with biochar improved both Zn mobility and SOC sequestration by stabilizing aggregate structures and enhancing nutrient retention.</p> Conclusion <p>These results suggest that BC-nZnO is an effective amendment for improving Zn bioavailability and SOC levels, thereby promoting Zn uptake in rice. This approach offers a sustainable strategy for managing Zn-deficient and organic matter-depleted paddy soils.</p>

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Soil zinc availability and organic carbon dynamics enhanced by biochar-based ZnO nanoparticles in paddy soil aggregates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Haipeng Zhang,
  • Jie Chen,
  • Wanyi Li,
  • Fuxing Liao,
  • Kailiang Mi,
  • Juanjuan Wang,
  • Yanju Yang,
  • Hongcheng Zhang

摘要

Purpose

Soil application of zinc (Zn) fertilizer has been demonstrated as an effective method to promote rice growth and increase Zn concentration in rice grains. However, in paddy environments, applied Zn is prone to fixation and reduced availability. While ZnO nanoparticles (nZnO) and biochar, as novel amendments, can enhance Zn availability, the long-term effects of their combined application on Zn speciation in paddy soils and Zn enrichment in rice grains remain unclear.

Methods

In this study, ZnO nanoparticles (nZnO) and biochar-based ZnO nanoparticles (BC-nZnO) were applied triennially under field conditions from 2021 to 2023.

Results

Results showed that BC-nZnO significantly increased soil available Zn, aggregate-available Zn, and rice grain Zn content compared to nZnO alone. Biochar was found to enhance grain Zn accumulation and utilization efficiency, as the BC-nZnO treatment resulted in the highest grain Zn levels. Additionally, biochar application significantly improved soil organic carbon (SOC) and OC within different aggregate size fractions (SOC2−0.25, SOC0.25−0.106, SOC0.106−0.053, SOC< 0.053) compared to the control and nZnO treatments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that increases in available Zn and SOC, particularly within specific aggregate fractions, were the main contributors to enhanced grain Zn accumulation and utilization efficiency. While nZnO improved Zn availability, its combination with biochar improved both Zn mobility and SOC sequestration by stabilizing aggregate structures and enhancing nutrient retention.

Conclusion

These results suggest that BC-nZnO is an effective amendment for improving Zn bioavailability and SOC levels, thereby promoting Zn uptake in rice. This approach offers a sustainable strategy for managing Zn-deficient and organic matter-depleted paddy soils.