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Purpose <p>Soil bacteria and fungi were important components of the soil ecosystem and played a significant role in carbon storage. This study examined the differences in microbial communities between monoculture and mixed forests and their effects on ecosystem functions and carbon storages.</p> Materials and methods <p>At 20 years after plantation, this study compared monoculture and mixed forests in soil carbon storages, carbon components, microbial communities, and ecosystem multifunctionality, revealing forest type effects on carbon storage and ecosystem functioning.</p> Results <p>Relative to the monoculture forest, the soil carbon storages, bacterial community diversities and stabilities, and fungal community diversities were significantly enhanced in the mixed forests. Compared to a monoculture forest, the mixed <i>Michelia chapensis</i> and <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> showed a dual effect: increasing soil carbon storages (45.22%) but reducing microbial community stability (36.76%). The <i>Liquidambar formosana</i> and <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> combination demonstrated better ecological benefits, with moderate soil carbon storages (14.36–66.13 t ha<sup>−1</sup>) and ecosystem multifunctionality (0.54).</p> Conclusion <p>Considering trade-offs between carbon storage, microbial functionality, and ecosystem multifunctionality, the <i>Liquidambar formosana</i> and <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> combination enhanced soil carbon storages, microbial diversity, and ecosystem multifunctionality, exhibiting the highest soil microbial functional potential in Guangdong, China. The findings suggested that mixed forest tree selection should integrate carbon storage, microbial functionality, and ecosystem multifunctionality.</p>

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Ecological trade-offs between soil carbon storages and microbial communities in different forest types: based on 20-year plantation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月25日

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  • Yihua Xiao,
  • Shirong Liu,
  • Han Xu,
  • Zhigao Fu,
  • Longchi Chen,
  • Yan Wang,
  • Huosheng Zhu,
  • Jiuxiang Wang,
  • Manyun Zhang

摘要

Purpose

Soil bacteria and fungi were important components of the soil ecosystem and played a significant role in carbon storage. This study examined the differences in microbial communities between monoculture and mixed forests and their effects on ecosystem functions and carbon storages.

Materials and methods

At 20 years after plantation, this study compared monoculture and mixed forests in soil carbon storages, carbon components, microbial communities, and ecosystem multifunctionality, revealing forest type effects on carbon storage and ecosystem functioning.

Results

Relative to the monoculture forest, the soil carbon storages, bacterial community diversities and stabilities, and fungal community diversities were significantly enhanced in the mixed forests. Compared to a monoculture forest, the mixed Michelia chapensis and Cunninghamia lanceolata showed a dual effect: increasing soil carbon storages (45.22%) but reducing microbial community stability (36.76%). The Liquidambar formosana and Cunninghamia lanceolata combination demonstrated better ecological benefits, with moderate soil carbon storages (14.36–66.13 t ha−1) and ecosystem multifunctionality (0.54).

Conclusion

Considering trade-offs between carbon storage, microbial functionality, and ecosystem multifunctionality, the Liquidambar formosana and Cunninghamia lanceolata combination enhanced soil carbon storages, microbial diversity, and ecosystem multifunctionality, exhibiting the highest soil microbial functional potential in Guangdong, China. The findings suggested that mixed forest tree selection should integrate carbon storage, microbial functionality, and ecosystem multifunctionality.