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Purpose <p>The construction of reservoirs through “gully land consolidation” has led to rising groundwater levels, consequently causing loess salinization. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify how varying salt content and types affect the hydraulic behavior of remolded loess.</p> Materials and methods <p>By preparing remolded loess samples with different sodium and calcium salt content, this study systematically investigated the variation in hydraulic properties through dispersion tests, disintegration tests, and permeability tests for the first time. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology was employed to analyze the pore water occurrence state and pore structure of remolded loess. Additionally, chemical, mineralogical, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests were conducted to reveal the microscopic mechanisms by which different salts influence remolded loess.</p> Results <p>The results demonstrate that sodium-salted loess exhibits increased dispersibility and reduced erosion resistance, whereas calcium-salted loess shows enhanced structural stability and greater erosion resistance. As salt content rises, both types display a declining trend in disintegration rate and permeability coefficient. Under the same salt content, sodium-salted loess exhibits higher dispersibility, lower disintegration rate and permeability coefficient compared to calcium-salted loess.</p> Conclusions <p>Sodium salts enhance the repulsive force between soil particles by increasing the thickness of the double electric layer and the Zeta potential, increase the number of adsorbed pores, and rise the content of adsorbed water, thereby hindering the seepage channels. Calcium salts promote the flocculation of soil particles by reducing the thickness of the double electric layer and the Zeta potential, decrease the adsorbed pores, and lower the content of adsorbed water, thus opening up seepage channels. Therefore, in engineering practice, attention should be given to soil erosion problems caused by increased dispersibility of soil due to sodium salt accumulation. The introduction of an appropriate amount of calcium salts can effectively enhance the erosion resistance of soil.</p>

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Study on the multi-scale coupling mechanism of different salt driving the evolution of loess hydraulic characteristics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Feihan Xie,
  • Baofeng Lei,
  • Changzhi Zhao,
  • Henghui Fan,
  • Pengwei Wang

摘要

Purpose

The construction of reservoirs through “gully land consolidation” has led to rising groundwater levels, consequently causing loess salinization. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify how varying salt content and types affect the hydraulic behavior of remolded loess.

Materials and methods

By preparing remolded loess samples with different sodium and calcium salt content, this study systematically investigated the variation in hydraulic properties through dispersion tests, disintegration tests, and permeability tests for the first time. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology was employed to analyze the pore water occurrence state and pore structure of remolded loess. Additionally, chemical, mineralogical, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests were conducted to reveal the microscopic mechanisms by which different salts influence remolded loess.

Results

The results demonstrate that sodium-salted loess exhibits increased dispersibility and reduced erosion resistance, whereas calcium-salted loess shows enhanced structural stability and greater erosion resistance. As salt content rises, both types display a declining trend in disintegration rate and permeability coefficient. Under the same salt content, sodium-salted loess exhibits higher dispersibility, lower disintegration rate and permeability coefficient compared to calcium-salted loess.

Conclusions

Sodium salts enhance the repulsive force between soil particles by increasing the thickness of the double electric layer and the Zeta potential, increase the number of adsorbed pores, and rise the content of adsorbed water, thereby hindering the seepage channels. Calcium salts promote the flocculation of soil particles by reducing the thickness of the double electric layer and the Zeta potential, decrease the adsorbed pores, and lower the content of adsorbed water, thus opening up seepage channels. Therefore, in engineering practice, attention should be given to soil erosion problems caused by increased dispersibility of soil due to sodium salt accumulation. The introduction of an appropriate amount of calcium salts can effectively enhance the erosion resistance of soil.