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Purpose <p>Imbalances in soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are expected to alter soil N-cycling processes. However, patterns of N and P limitation of soil N-cycling microbial groups and soil multifunctionality are not well understood. Clarifying these patterns is essential for sustaining soil functions under changing nutrient regimes.</p> Methods <p>In this study, we conducted a 31-year agricultural field fertilization study, categorized by low and high fertility (LowF and HighF) soils, to investigate N and P limitation of soil N-cycling microbial communities and soil multifunctionality. The link between N-cycling microbial communities and multifunctionality was also assessed.</p> Results <p>Denitrifiers in LowF and HighF soils exhibited a synergistic or additive co-limitation pattern by N and P. Nitrifiers (AOB) rose by 14–15% in LowF and 8–11% in HighF soil under N and NP applications, but showed synergistic co-limitation in LowF soil and antagonistic co-limitation in HighF soil. In LowF soil, significant correlations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) were found among N<sub>2</sub>-fixer, AOB and denitrifiers, while in HighF soil, correlations existed among archaea, bacteria and denitrifiers, with a loss of correlation between nitrifiers and denitrifiers. Soil multifunctionality was enhanced with N and/or NP applications in both LowF and HighF soils. In LowF soil, multifunctionality was generally influenced by the abundance and community composition of N-cycling microbes, but in HighF soil, it was mainly driven by the abundance of N<sub>2</sub>-fixer and <i>narG</i>-nitrate reducers and ratio of archaeal and bacterial <i>amoA</i> to <i>narG</i>.</p> Conclusion <p>The study reveals distinct patterns of nutrient co-limitation among AOB and denitrifiers in soils with varying fertility levels; the changes in microbial communities by fertilizer application has the potential to enhance soil multifunctionality. This highlights the importance of tailored fertilization strategies to optimize soil microbial functions and promote sustainable agricultural productivity.</p>

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Nitrogen and phosphorus limitation patterns of microbial nitrogen cycling traits in an arid soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Hongfei Ji,
  • Ying Wang,
  • Rui Wang,
  • Shengli Guo

摘要

Purpose

Imbalances in soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are expected to alter soil N-cycling processes. However, patterns of N and P limitation of soil N-cycling microbial groups and soil multifunctionality are not well understood. Clarifying these patterns is essential for sustaining soil functions under changing nutrient regimes.

Methods

In this study, we conducted a 31-year agricultural field fertilization study, categorized by low and high fertility (LowF and HighF) soils, to investigate N and P limitation of soil N-cycling microbial communities and soil multifunctionality. The link between N-cycling microbial communities and multifunctionality was also assessed.

Results

Denitrifiers in LowF and HighF soils exhibited a synergistic or additive co-limitation pattern by N and P. Nitrifiers (AOB) rose by 14–15% in LowF and 8–11% in HighF soil under N and NP applications, but showed synergistic co-limitation in LowF soil and antagonistic co-limitation in HighF soil. In LowF soil, significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found among N2-fixer, AOB and denitrifiers, while in HighF soil, correlations existed among archaea, bacteria and denitrifiers, with a loss of correlation between nitrifiers and denitrifiers. Soil multifunctionality was enhanced with N and/or NP applications in both LowF and HighF soils. In LowF soil, multifunctionality was generally influenced by the abundance and community composition of N-cycling microbes, but in HighF soil, it was mainly driven by the abundance of N2-fixer and narG-nitrate reducers and ratio of archaeal and bacterial amoA to narG.

Conclusion

The study reveals distinct patterns of nutrient co-limitation among AOB and denitrifiers in soils with varying fertility levels; the changes in microbial communities by fertilizer application has the potential to enhance soil multifunctionality. This highlights the importance of tailored fertilization strategies to optimize soil microbial functions and promote sustainable agricultural productivity.