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Purpose <p>To overcome chronic vegetation recovery failure in the Muli alpine mining permafrost (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau), this study investigates the synergistic effects of Effective Microorganisms (EM) inoculants and organic fertilizers on the vegetation-soil-fungus system. The aim is to decode the cascade responses enabling ecological rehabilitation under low-temperature and oligotrophic constraints.</p> Materials and methods <p>A three-year in situ trial (2022–2024) evaluated gradient combinations of EM inoculant (0.45–0.75 t·hm⁻²) and organic fertilizer (10–40 t·hm⁻²). Vegetation biomass, soil physicochemical properties, and fungal community dynamics were systematically monitored.</p> Results <p>The optimal combination (0.60 t·hm⁻² inoculant + 20.00 t·hm⁻² fertilizer, treatment Y2E2) increased vegetation biomass by 75.97%–84.02% and soil total nitrogen by &gt; 68% compared to controls. This treatment restructured the fungal community, significantly increasing Shannon diversity by 15.87% and enhancing the abundance of saprotrophic <i>Ascomycota</i> while suppressing the pathogenic genus <i>Fusarium</i>. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that fertilization enhanced network connectivity and positive interactions (&gt; 65%) among key taxa like <i>Ascomycota</i> and <i>Basidiomycota</i>. Structural equation modeling confirmed that plant-microbe interactions, driven by vegetation coverage (contribution: 69.30%), were the primary drivers of system recovery (β = 0.98).</p> Conclusions <p>The synergistic application of EM inoculants and organic fertilizers effectively alleviates “low-temperature-barrenness” constraints through pathogen suppression and accelerated nutrient turnover. The identified optimal combination (Y2E2) provides a theoretical paradigm and technical framework for microbial-directed regulation in permafrost mining area restoration.</p>

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Synergistic interactions between EM inoculants and organic fertilizers promote ecosystem recovery by restructuring fungal communities in alpine permafrost mining areas

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Zongcheng Cai,
  • Jianjun Shi,
  • Liangyu Lv,
  • Pei Gao,
  • Shouquan Fu,
  • Yu Liu,
  • Qingqing Liu,
  • Fayi Li,
  • Hairong Zhang,
  • Shancun Bao

摘要

Purpose

To overcome chronic vegetation recovery failure in the Muli alpine mining permafrost (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau), this study investigates the synergistic effects of Effective Microorganisms (EM) inoculants and organic fertilizers on the vegetation-soil-fungus system. The aim is to decode the cascade responses enabling ecological rehabilitation under low-temperature and oligotrophic constraints.

Materials and methods

A three-year in situ trial (2022–2024) evaluated gradient combinations of EM inoculant (0.45–0.75 t·hm⁻²) and organic fertilizer (10–40 t·hm⁻²). Vegetation biomass, soil physicochemical properties, and fungal community dynamics were systematically monitored.

Results

The optimal combination (0.60 t·hm⁻² inoculant + 20.00 t·hm⁻² fertilizer, treatment Y2E2) increased vegetation biomass by 75.97%–84.02% and soil total nitrogen by > 68% compared to controls. This treatment restructured the fungal community, significantly increasing Shannon diversity by 15.87% and enhancing the abundance of saprotrophic Ascomycota while suppressing the pathogenic genus Fusarium. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that fertilization enhanced network connectivity and positive interactions (> 65%) among key taxa like Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Structural equation modeling confirmed that plant-microbe interactions, driven by vegetation coverage (contribution: 69.30%), were the primary drivers of system recovery (β = 0.98).

Conclusions

The synergistic application of EM inoculants and organic fertilizers effectively alleviates “low-temperature-barrenness” constraints through pathogen suppression and accelerated nutrient turnover. The identified optimal combination (Y2E2) provides a theoretical paradigm and technical framework for microbial-directed regulation in permafrost mining area restoration.