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Purpose <p>This study aimed to address the urgent need for coastal saline-alkali soil remediation (critical for agricultural productivity and ecosystem stability) by developing calcium-iron enhanced biochars and evaluating their reclamation efficacy, focusing on structural optimization and salinity reduction mechanisms.</p> Materials and methods <p>Three calcium-iron modified biochars (BC1, BC2, BC3) were synthesized. Their structural/chemical properties were characterized, followed by 60-day soil incubation with 0.5-2% biochar additions. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) were measured, with response surface modeling to optimize BC1 application conditions.</p> Results and discussion <p>BC1 showed 91.03% higher specific surface area and 58.78% larger pore volume (enriched with C-O, Fe-O, Ca-O groups). At 70% moisture, BC1 significantly outperformed BC2/BC3 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), reducing salinity by 52.21–71.01% and SAR by 78.51–96.43%. Optimal conditions (2% BC1, 60 days, 70% moisture) achieved 1.14&#xa0;g/kg salinity (consistent with experimental 1.11&#xa0;g/kg) via ion exchange/coordination of Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻.</p> Conclusions <p>Calcium-iron modified BC1 is an environmentally sustainable remediation solution, with structural enhancement and ion adsorption mechanisms providing actionable insights for coastal saline-alkali soil reclamation in field applications.</p>

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The amelioration effect and mechanism of Calcium-Iron modified Biochar on coastal Saline-Alkali soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Xueqing Li,
  • Kangfu Sun,
  • Tingting Yang,
  • Jingguo Cao,
  • Li Wu,
  • Aijun Zheng,
  • Shengguo Jiang,
  • Wenjie Zhao

摘要

Purpose

This study aimed to address the urgent need for coastal saline-alkali soil remediation (critical for agricultural productivity and ecosystem stability) by developing calcium-iron enhanced biochars and evaluating their reclamation efficacy, focusing on structural optimization and salinity reduction mechanisms.

Materials and methods

Three calcium-iron modified biochars (BC1, BC2, BC3) were synthesized. Their structural/chemical properties were characterized, followed by 60-day soil incubation with 0.5-2% biochar additions. Soil pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) were measured, with response surface modeling to optimize BC1 application conditions.

Results and discussion

BC1 showed 91.03% higher specific surface area and 58.78% larger pore volume (enriched with C-O, Fe-O, Ca-O groups). At 70% moisture, BC1 significantly outperformed BC2/BC3 (P < 0.05), reducing salinity by 52.21–71.01% and SAR by 78.51–96.43%. Optimal conditions (2% BC1, 60 days, 70% moisture) achieved 1.14 g/kg salinity (consistent with experimental 1.11 g/kg) via ion exchange/coordination of Na⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻.

Conclusions

Calcium-iron modified BC1 is an environmentally sustainable remediation solution, with structural enhancement and ion adsorption mechanisms providing actionable insights for coastal saline-alkali soil reclamation in field applications.