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Purpose <p>Soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry is a crucial indicator of soil nutrient status, microbial processes and ecosystem function. Understanding its response to land use change, particularly the widespread dryland-to-paddy conversion, is essential for assessing agricultural sustainability. However, the changes of C, N and P contents and its stoichiometry ratio during the dryland-to-paddy conversion have received limited little attention in the black soil profile.</p> Materials and methods <p>This study was conducted on the Sanjiang Plain, a major grain-producing areas within the black soil region of Northeast China. Over the past half-century, the shift from drylands (DL) to paddy fields (PF) has become the dominant form of land-use conversion across farmland inthis regions.&#xa0;A total of 120 soil samples were collected at 24 sites (9 DL sites and 15 PF sites) under a typical black soil region of the dryland-to-paddy conversion. The selected PF sites had been transformed from DL for at least five years, ensuring the stabilization of initial conversion effects.</p> Results and discussion <p>The conversion of DL to PF led to complex soil responses. Although soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents increased slightly, a concurrent shift in soil texture, marked by a decrease in clay content and an increase in sand content, was observed. This textural change indicates a degradation of soil structure, declining ecological function and potential environmental risks. Moreover, land use shifts altered soil C:N:P ratios, suggesting a shift in nutrient limitation patterns: the increased soil C:N ratio toward enhanced N limitation, while the decreased NP ratio indicates alleviated P limitation. These stoichiometric changes have also significant implications for soil C cycling.</p> Conclusions <p>This study revealed that the soil C:N:P stoichiometry provides critical insights into the multifacted impacts of land use change. It reveals that apparent nutrient accumulation can coincide with structural degradation, leading to an overall increase in ecosystem vulnerability. The results provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of land use convertion in the black soil region of the Sanjiang Plain.</p>

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Effects of dryland-to-paddy conversion on soil degradation and N and P limits in a typical black soil region of the Sanjiang Plain: a C:N:P stoichiometry perspective

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Bo Bo,
  • Xinghong Liu,
  • Chunhua Li,
  • Zijian Xie,
  • Yang Wang,
  • Chun Ye

摘要

Purpose

Soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry is a crucial indicator of soil nutrient status, microbial processes and ecosystem function. Understanding its response to land use change, particularly the widespread dryland-to-paddy conversion, is essential for assessing agricultural sustainability. However, the changes of C, N and P contents and its stoichiometry ratio during the dryland-to-paddy conversion have received limited little attention in the black soil profile.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted on the Sanjiang Plain, a major grain-producing areas within the black soil region of Northeast China. Over the past half-century, the shift from drylands (DL) to paddy fields (PF) has become the dominant form of land-use conversion across farmland inthis regions. A total of 120 soil samples were collected at 24 sites (9 DL sites and 15 PF sites) under a typical black soil region of the dryland-to-paddy conversion. The selected PF sites had been transformed from DL for at least five years, ensuring the stabilization of initial conversion effects.

Results and discussion

The conversion of DL to PF led to complex soil responses. Although soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents increased slightly, a concurrent shift in soil texture, marked by a decrease in clay content and an increase in sand content, was observed. This textural change indicates a degradation of soil structure, declining ecological function and potential environmental risks. Moreover, land use shifts altered soil C:N:P ratios, suggesting a shift in nutrient limitation patterns: the increased soil C:N ratio toward enhanced N limitation, while the decreased NP ratio indicates alleviated P limitation. These stoichiometric changes have also significant implications for soil C cycling.

Conclusions

This study revealed that the soil C:N:P stoichiometry provides critical insights into the multifacted impacts of land use change. It reveals that apparent nutrient accumulation can coincide with structural degradation, leading to an overall increase in ecosystem vulnerability. The results provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of land use convertion in the black soil region of the Sanjiang Plain.