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Purpose <p>Organochlorine pesticides are a class of persistent organic pollutants widely used in agriculture due to their effectiveness and low cost. However, their high stability, long half-life, and strong bioaccumulation potential have caused global concern because of their adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. To assess the residue levels of organochlorine pesticides and their potential risks, a case study was carried out in central Jilin Province, one of China’s key grain-producing regions. The main objective of this study is to measure the levels of organochlorine pesticide residues detected in farmland soils in central Jilin Province, and to assess their ecological and human health risks using various pollution indices and human health risk assessment models.</p> Materials and methods <p>Soil samples were collected from study area, comprising 59 specimens. The Enrichment Factor (EF) and Risk Quotient (RQ) were used to assess the level of soil contamination and the ecological risk of organochlorine pesticides. The human health risk assessment model was employed to evaluate the potential health risks to humans. The Index of Environmental Risk (IER) was applied to provide early warning of organochlorine-related environmental risks.</p> Results and discussion <p>The concentration of β-HCH in soil was the highest, with an average of 0.216&#xa0;mg/kg, followed by α-HCH (0.144&#xa0;mg/kg) and γ-HCH (0.104&#xa0;mg/kg). The levels of HCHs (the average value is 0.559&#xa0;mg/kg) exceeded the risk screening values for agricultural land specified in the national standard (0.1&#xa0;mg/kg), whereas the levels of DDTs (the average value is 0.028&#xa0;mg/kg) were below the national standard (0.1&#xa0;mg/kg), indicating a higher risk associated with HCHs. The EF indicates the accumulation of β-HCH, whilst the RQ reveals that γ-HCH (with an average value of 1.54) exceeds the threshold limit of 1, indicating the presence of ecological risk. Human health risk assessments indicate that the HI values for non-carcinogenic risks of HCH and DDT are both less than 1, while their CR values for carcinogenic risks are both less than, this demonstrates that they do not pose a risk. IER showing HCH warning level of Light Warning or Early Warning at 2 background values.</p> Conclusions <p>The main organochlorine pesticides detected in the study area were HCHs and DDTs, with HCHs showing higher levels of contamination than DDTs. Neither of these two types of organochlorine pesticides posed a health risk to humans. Although the use of organochlorine pesticides has been banned, the associated risks should not be ignored.</p>

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Monitoring of organochlorine pesticide residues in agricultural soils and associated risk assessment in central Jilin province, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Jinying Li,
  • Yanan Chen,
  • Dianqi Pan,
  • Jiquan Zhang,
  • Yichen Zhang,
  • Wanying Shi

摘要

Purpose

Organochlorine pesticides are a class of persistent organic pollutants widely used in agriculture due to their effectiveness and low cost. However, their high stability, long half-life, and strong bioaccumulation potential have caused global concern because of their adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. To assess the residue levels of organochlorine pesticides and their potential risks, a case study was carried out in central Jilin Province, one of China’s key grain-producing regions. The main objective of this study is to measure the levels of organochlorine pesticide residues detected in farmland soils in central Jilin Province, and to assess their ecological and human health risks using various pollution indices and human health risk assessment models.

Materials and methods

Soil samples were collected from study area, comprising 59 specimens. The Enrichment Factor (EF) and Risk Quotient (RQ) were used to assess the level of soil contamination and the ecological risk of organochlorine pesticides. The human health risk assessment model was employed to evaluate the potential health risks to humans. The Index of Environmental Risk (IER) was applied to provide early warning of organochlorine-related environmental risks.

Results and discussion

The concentration of β-HCH in soil was the highest, with an average of 0.216 mg/kg, followed by α-HCH (0.144 mg/kg) and γ-HCH (0.104 mg/kg). The levels of HCHs (the average value is 0.559 mg/kg) exceeded the risk screening values for agricultural land specified in the national standard (0.1 mg/kg), whereas the levels of DDTs (the average value is 0.028 mg/kg) were below the national standard (0.1 mg/kg), indicating a higher risk associated with HCHs. The EF indicates the accumulation of β-HCH, whilst the RQ reveals that γ-HCH (with an average value of 1.54) exceeds the threshold limit of 1, indicating the presence of ecological risk. Human health risk assessments indicate that the HI values for non-carcinogenic risks of HCH and DDT are both less than 1, while their CR values for carcinogenic risks are both less than, this demonstrates that they do not pose a risk. IER showing HCH warning level of Light Warning or Early Warning at 2 background values.

Conclusions

The main organochlorine pesticides detected in the study area were HCHs and DDTs, with HCHs showing higher levels of contamination than DDTs. Neither of these two types of organochlorine pesticides posed a health risk to humans. Although the use of organochlorine pesticides has been banned, the associated risks should not be ignored.