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Purpose <p>This study investigates the mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization in tropical rubber plantations, focusing on the coupled effects of iron (Fe) oxides and phosphorus (P) fractions on particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). The central research objective is to understand how specific Fe oxide phases and P speciation coregulate SOC stabilization at the soil aggregate scale.</p> Materials and methods <p>Soil samples (0–40&#xa0;cm) were collected from six rubber plantations in Hainan, China. SOC fractions, Fe oxides (Fed, Feo, and Fec), and P fractions (Hedley sequential extraction) of the bulk soils and dry-sieved aggregates were analyzed. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation, random forest regression, and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) to decipher key drivers and interaction pathways.</p> Results and discussion <p>MAOC constituted the dominant SOC fraction (56–93%), primarily within macroaggregates. Amorphous (Feo) and organically complexed Fe (Fec) showed the strongest positive correlations with MAOC. Organic P fractions promoted MAOC, whereas labile inorganic P favored POC. PLS-PM analysis revealed that Fe oxides (especially Feo and Fec) enhanced MAOC accumulation through both direct effects and indirect pathways mediated by influencing P fractions.</p> Conclusions <p>The stabilization of SOC is coregulated by synergistic interactions between active Fe oxides and specific P forms. Optimizing management to enhance these interactions, such as by promoting organic P inputs, could effectively increase long-term carbon sequestration in tropical rubber-based agroforestry systems.</p>

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Coeffects of iron oxides and phosphorus fractions on soil organic carbon stabilization in rubber-based tropical agroforests

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Liping Wang,
  • Chaoxian Wei,
  • Bigui Lin,
  • Xiwang Ke,
  • Qinfen Li,
  • Beibei Liu,
  • Yukun Zou

摘要

Purpose

This study investigates the mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization in tropical rubber plantations, focusing on the coupled effects of iron (Fe) oxides and phosphorus (P) fractions on particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). The central research objective is to understand how specific Fe oxide phases and P speciation coregulate SOC stabilization at the soil aggregate scale.

Materials and methods

Soil samples (0–40 cm) were collected from six rubber plantations in Hainan, China. SOC fractions, Fe oxides (Fed, Feo, and Fec), and P fractions (Hedley sequential extraction) of the bulk soils and dry-sieved aggregates were analyzed. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation, random forest regression, and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) to decipher key drivers and interaction pathways.

Results and discussion

MAOC constituted the dominant SOC fraction (56–93%), primarily within macroaggregates. Amorphous (Feo) and organically complexed Fe (Fec) showed the strongest positive correlations with MAOC. Organic P fractions promoted MAOC, whereas labile inorganic P favored POC. PLS-PM analysis revealed that Fe oxides (especially Feo and Fec) enhanced MAOC accumulation through both direct effects and indirect pathways mediated by influencing P fractions.

Conclusions

The stabilization of SOC is coregulated by synergistic interactions between active Fe oxides and specific P forms. Optimizing management to enhance these interactions, such as by promoting organic P inputs, could effectively increase long-term carbon sequestration in tropical rubber-based agroforestry systems.