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Purpose <p>Mercury contamination at ammunition production sites represents a significant environmental issue due to its widespread dispersion, complex biogeochemical behavior, and long-term ecological risks. This study aims to develop an integrated approach combining geospatial analysis, mechanistic investigation, pollution assessment, and remediation design to systematically understand and mitigate mercury pollution—from source identification to sustainable control.</p> Materials and methods <p>The study employed geospatial analysis to delineate contamination distribution and identify key drivers affecting mercury migration, including source location, soil organic matter, pH, and particle size. A probabilistic health risk assessment was conducted to evaluate non-carcinogenic hazards across demographic groups. Remediation trials included ferric chloride treatment coupled with thermal processing (up to 350&#xa0;°C for 10 weeks), as well as the application of a composite chemical agent to immobilize and capture leachable mercury.</p> Results and discussion <p>Results revealed severe mercury contamination, with a mean pollution index (Pi) of 22.17, indicating significant accumulation in hotspots. Key factors such as soil properties strongly influenced mercury mobility. Health risk assessment indicated unacceptable non-carcinogenic risks at the 95th percentile for all populations (hazard quotient: 1.41E + 01–1.78E + 01). Remediation experiments demonstrated that ferric chloride combined with thermal treatment reduced soil mercury content by 99.9%. The composite chemical agent captured 96.8% of mercury within 7 days, lowering leachable mercury concentrations to 3.2–4.2 µg/L, thereby substantially reducing environmental mobility and exposure risk.</p> Conclusions <p>This research establishes an integrated framework linking mercury pollution mechanisms, risk implications, and remediation solutions. It advocates for a “precision diagnosis and tiered remediation” strategy tailored to ammunition production sites, facilitating efficient and low-carbon heavy metal mitigation while supporting sustainable site management.</p>

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Mercury pollution at a typical ammunition production site in Northeast China: an integrated study on environmental behavior, risk assessment, and remediation strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月23日

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  • Zhiyuan Wu,
  • Tianxiang Xia,
  • Dan Zhang,
  • Lin Jia,
  • Lina Zhang,
  • Xiaoying Zhu,
  • Shuang Li

摘要

Purpose

Mercury contamination at ammunition production sites represents a significant environmental issue due to its widespread dispersion, complex biogeochemical behavior, and long-term ecological risks. This study aims to develop an integrated approach combining geospatial analysis, mechanistic investigation, pollution assessment, and remediation design to systematically understand and mitigate mercury pollution—from source identification to sustainable control.

Materials and methods

The study employed geospatial analysis to delineate contamination distribution and identify key drivers affecting mercury migration, including source location, soil organic matter, pH, and particle size. A probabilistic health risk assessment was conducted to evaluate non-carcinogenic hazards across demographic groups. Remediation trials included ferric chloride treatment coupled with thermal processing (up to 350 °C for 10 weeks), as well as the application of a composite chemical agent to immobilize and capture leachable mercury.

Results and discussion

Results revealed severe mercury contamination, with a mean pollution index (Pi) of 22.17, indicating significant accumulation in hotspots. Key factors such as soil properties strongly influenced mercury mobility. Health risk assessment indicated unacceptable non-carcinogenic risks at the 95th percentile for all populations (hazard quotient: 1.41E + 01–1.78E + 01). Remediation experiments demonstrated that ferric chloride combined with thermal treatment reduced soil mercury content by 99.9%. The composite chemical agent captured 96.8% of mercury within 7 days, lowering leachable mercury concentrations to 3.2–4.2 µg/L, thereby substantially reducing environmental mobility and exposure risk.

Conclusions

This research establishes an integrated framework linking mercury pollution mechanisms, risk implications, and remediation solutions. It advocates for a “precision diagnosis and tiered remediation” strategy tailored to ammunition production sites, facilitating efficient and low-carbon heavy metal mitigation while supporting sustainable site management.