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Purpose <p>The interaction between microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals (HMs) has garnered significant attention. However, the mechanism by which MPs influence the physicochemical properties of soil and microbial community structure, thereby driving the transformation of HMs speciation, remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of polystyrene-MPs (PS) on the soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial community diversity and structure, and Pb speciation distribution and bioavailability, while the mechanisms was explored.</p> Methods <p>PS with 1&#xa0;mm (PS<sub>1</sub>) and 100&#xa0;μm (PS<sub>0.1</sub>) size and dose (0.1%, 1%, and 10%, w/w) incubated into a loessial soil (sierozem) contaminated with Pb (1000&#xa0;mg·kg<sup>− 1</sup>) for 60 days. Soil properties were examined. Bacterial community changes were assessed using 16&#xa0;S rRNA amplicon sequencing.</p> Results <p>pH and CEC decreased, while the SOM increased significantly with increasing PS dose. The presence of PS<sub>0.1</sub> reduced ammonium nitrogen and available potassium contents, with a 10% dose resulting in reductions of 12.93% and 74.33%, respectively. PS decreased the activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase and enhanced urease activity. PS also increased the Shannon, Simpson, and Chao1 indices of bacterial communities. The presence of PS<sub>1</sub> resulted in 1.55% to 7.71% decrease in the speciation of residual state (F4) Pb, increasing bioavailability.</p> Conclusions <p>F4 fraction was negatively correlated with NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N content and positively correlated with sucrase activity. Structural equation modeling revealed that PS dose, pH and available phosphorus were the primary factors driving the transformation of Pb speciation.</p>

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Responses of Pb speciation and bioavailability in loessial soil (sierozem) to the presence of polystyrene microplastics with different size and abundance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月10日

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  • Yin Zhang,
  • Baowei Zhao,
  • Xin Zhang,
  • Fengfeng Ma,
  • Hui Liu,
  • Jian Zhang,
  • Shenglong Ma,
  • Wenxiong Wu,
  • Zichao Qu

摘要

Purpose

The interaction between microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals (HMs) has garnered significant attention. However, the mechanism by which MPs influence the physicochemical properties of soil and microbial community structure, thereby driving the transformation of HMs speciation, remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of polystyrene-MPs (PS) on the soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial community diversity and structure, and Pb speciation distribution and bioavailability, while the mechanisms was explored.

Methods

PS with 1 mm (PS1) and 100 μm (PS0.1) size and dose (0.1%, 1%, and 10%, w/w) incubated into a loessial soil (sierozem) contaminated with Pb (1000 mg·kg− 1) for 60 days. Soil properties were examined. Bacterial community changes were assessed using 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Results

pH and CEC decreased, while the SOM increased significantly with increasing PS dose. The presence of PS0.1 reduced ammonium nitrogen and available potassium contents, with a 10% dose resulting in reductions of 12.93% and 74.33%, respectively. PS decreased the activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase and enhanced urease activity. PS also increased the Shannon, Simpson, and Chao1 indices of bacterial communities. The presence of PS1 resulted in 1.55% to 7.71% decrease in the speciation of residual state (F4) Pb, increasing bioavailability.

Conclusions

F4 fraction was negatively correlated with NH4+-N content and positively correlated with sucrase activity. Structural equation modeling revealed that PS dose, pH and available phosphorus were the primary factors driving the transformation of Pb speciation.