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Purpose <p>Soil salinization leads to severe impacts such as deterioration of soil structure and nutrient loss. Alongside the degradation of soil physicochemical properties, conventional agricultural irrigation also faces water scarcity issues. This study investigated the synergistic effects of biochar and humic acid on saline soil remediation under brackish water irrigation to address soil degradation in salt-affected areas and alleviate freshwater shortages in agriculture.</p> Materials and methods <p>Through soil column leaching and pot experiments using saline soil from Chongming Island, China, seven treatments were established: six under brackish water irrigation (Control [CK]; single humic acid application [A1: 1.5%]; single biochar applications [B1: 2%, B2: 4%]; combined applications [B1A1: 2% biochar + 1.5% humic acid; B2A1: 4% biochar + 1.5% humic acid]) and one freshwater irrigation (WK). Soil physicochemical properties (pH, EC, ESP, SAR, and nutrient content) and pak choi biomass were measured, with microbial communities analyzed via 16&#xa0;S rDNA sequencing.</p> Results and discussion <p>The results showed that the B1A1 treatment demonstrated the most pronounced synergistic effects: compared to CK, it reduced soil pH by 5.56%, EC by 40.55%, and ESP by 31.88%, while increasing soil organic matter (SOM) by 126.87% and available phosphorus (AP) by 57.27%, and significantly enhanced pak choi dry weight by 131.82%. The mechanism involved biochar’s porous structure adsorbing Na⁺ ions and humic acid functional groups releasing H⁺ to lower pH, collectively improving salt leaching and nutrient retention. The combined application showed superior soil improvement compared to single biochar application at optimal ratios.</p> Conclusions <p>This study innovatively proposes a synergistic regulation technology combining biochar and humic acid under brackish water irrigation, offering theoretical support for brackish water resource utilization and agricultural water conservation in coastal saline-alkali regions.</p>

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Synergistic effects of biochar and humic acid on properties of soils containing high salts and Pak Choi growth under brackish water irrigation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月28日

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  • Siqi Wang,
  • Rongkun Liu,
  • Dongsu Bi,
  • Yang Shi,
  • Xiaoxia Wang,
  • Kuan Zhang,
  • Xinming Mao,
  • Yalei Zhang,
  • Zheng Shen

摘要

Purpose

Soil salinization leads to severe impacts such as deterioration of soil structure and nutrient loss. Alongside the degradation of soil physicochemical properties, conventional agricultural irrigation also faces water scarcity issues. This study investigated the synergistic effects of biochar and humic acid on saline soil remediation under brackish water irrigation to address soil degradation in salt-affected areas and alleviate freshwater shortages in agriculture.

Materials and methods

Through soil column leaching and pot experiments using saline soil from Chongming Island, China, seven treatments were established: six under brackish water irrigation (Control [CK]; single humic acid application [A1: 1.5%]; single biochar applications [B1: 2%, B2: 4%]; combined applications [B1A1: 2% biochar + 1.5% humic acid; B2A1: 4% biochar + 1.5% humic acid]) and one freshwater irrigation (WK). Soil physicochemical properties (pH, EC, ESP, SAR, and nutrient content) and pak choi biomass were measured, with microbial communities analyzed via 16 S rDNA sequencing.

Results and discussion

The results showed that the B1A1 treatment demonstrated the most pronounced synergistic effects: compared to CK, it reduced soil pH by 5.56%, EC by 40.55%, and ESP by 31.88%, while increasing soil organic matter (SOM) by 126.87% and available phosphorus (AP) by 57.27%, and significantly enhanced pak choi dry weight by 131.82%. The mechanism involved biochar’s porous structure adsorbing Na⁺ ions and humic acid functional groups releasing H⁺ to lower pH, collectively improving salt leaching and nutrient retention. The combined application showed superior soil improvement compared to single biochar application at optimal ratios.

Conclusions

This study innovatively proposes a synergistic regulation technology combining biochar and humic acid under brackish water irrigation, offering theoretical support for brackish water resource utilization and agricultural water conservation in coastal saline-alkali regions.