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Purpose <p>Straw partially replacing chemical fertilizer return to the field (RCFSR) reduces soil pH and may threaten crop yields, while the key drivers of soil acidification remain unclear. This study explores the specific mechanisms by which carbon component transformation and microbial activity affect soil pH.</p> Materials and methods <p>A 42 years long-term experiment was set up in southern China included three treatments: chemical fertilizer (CK), straw replacing one-third of the nitrogen fertilizer (MS), and straw replacing two-thirds of the nitrogen fertilizer (HS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with Pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were used to examine the chemical composition of organic matter (OM) in paddy fields.</p> Results and discussion <p>Linkages between soil organic matter (SOM), functional groups, humic substances and microorganisms explored by correlation and random forest analysis. The results showed that compared to CK, RCFSR decreased soil pH by 0.095 to 0.182, presented significant difference in the early rice. Meanwhile, humus and aliphatic OM were the primary factors affecting pH in early and late rice, respectively. More humic acid-like substance and newly generated acidic OM were presented in the RCFSR treatments. Furthermore, microbial activity was found to significantly influence transformation of the carbon fraction and humification in OM, among which <i>Verrucomicrobiota</i>,<i> Sumerlaeota</i>, and <i>Chytridiomycota</i> played major roles, contributing to significant increase in acidic OM.</p> Conclusions <p>Consequently, the increase in soil acidic OM caused by RCFSR contributed to the decrease in soil pH, which could provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of agricultural science.</p>

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Microbially carbon transformation in response to the partially replacement of chemical fertilizer by straw returning aggravates soil acidification in red paddy soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • Yingxi Chen,
  • Changkuan Zhou,
  • Xiangmin Rong,
  • Xinyu Liu,
  • Lian Zhang,
  • Guoliang Jiang,
  • Rusheng Xiao,
  • Yongliang Han

摘要

Purpose

Straw partially replacing chemical fertilizer return to the field (RCFSR) reduces soil pH and may threaten crop yields, while the key drivers of soil acidification remain unclear. This study explores the specific mechanisms by which carbon component transformation and microbial activity affect soil pH.

Materials and methods

A 42 years long-term experiment was set up in southern China included three treatments: chemical fertilizer (CK), straw replacing one-third of the nitrogen fertilizer (MS), and straw replacing two-thirds of the nitrogen fertilizer (HS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with Pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were used to examine the chemical composition of organic matter (OM) in paddy fields.

Results and discussion

Linkages between soil organic matter (SOM), functional groups, humic substances and microorganisms explored by correlation and random forest analysis. The results showed that compared to CK, RCFSR decreased soil pH by 0.095 to 0.182, presented significant difference in the early rice. Meanwhile, humus and aliphatic OM were the primary factors affecting pH in early and late rice, respectively. More humic acid-like substance and newly generated acidic OM were presented in the RCFSR treatments. Furthermore, microbial activity was found to significantly influence transformation of the carbon fraction and humification in OM, among which Verrucomicrobiota, Sumerlaeota, and Chytridiomycota played major roles, contributing to significant increase in acidic OM.

Conclusions

Consequently, the increase in soil acidic OM caused by RCFSR contributed to the decrease in soil pH, which could provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of agricultural science.