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Purpose <p>Removing heavy metals from contaminated soils is a problem difficult to resolve. In recent years scientists are focusing on the methods for their immobilization and soil remediation. Biochar (BC) is increasingly becoming a promising soil ameliorant, but its long-term effect is still poorly studied. The aim of the investigation was to assess the dynamics and the mobility of heavy metals in contaminated acidic soils from the vicinity of Aurubis-Pirdop copper smelter, after amelioration with increasing doses of BC.</p> Methods <p>Four selected soils (T1, T4, T6 and T8), characterized by low pH, organic carbon content and elevated concentrations of heavy metals were studied. Biochar was applied to the soils at a dose of 1, 5, 10 and 20% w/w in three replications in incubation experiment for a period of 6 months. Monthly, bioavailable forms of Al, Ba, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were extracted with 0.01&#xa0;M CaCl<sub>2</sub> and 1&#xa0;M NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>, and analyzed by ICP-OES. Statistical analysis (One-way ANOVA and Simple regression) was performed with STATGRAPHICS centurion XIX. Principal component and cluster analyses of sources and Links of metals to drivers of their mobility were performed by IBM Statistics 26.</p> Results <p>A significant tendency of decrease of mobile concentrations (in 0.01&#xa0;M CaCl<sub>2</sub>) and especially in the more acidic soils pH 4.5–5.4 was observed as a result of BC addition, e.g. for Cu by 54% − 74%, Cd 30% − 50%, Zn 17% − 60%, Ni 23% − 56% and Pb 10% − 55%, as well as a synergistic “aging effect”. The PCA and cluster analysis prove that the mobile forms of metals Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn were complexed with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and were of predominant anthropogenic origin in the surface soils, while, e.g. Ba and Ni are mobilized from pedogenic sources.</p> Conclusions <p>With the increasing of BC, the mobility of the studied elements significantly decreased. However, for some sites and for copper and zinc, bioavailable concentrations were still above the trigger values defined by the German DIN standard for the NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> extractant.</p>

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Dynamics, mobility and sources of heavy metals after biochar addition in contaminated agricultural soils around a copper smelter

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Lyuba Nenova,
  • Irena Atanassova,
  • Maya Benkova,
  • Milena Harizanova,
  • Tsetska Simeonova

摘要

Purpose

Removing heavy metals from contaminated soils is a problem difficult to resolve. In recent years scientists are focusing on the methods for their immobilization and soil remediation. Biochar (BC) is increasingly becoming a promising soil ameliorant, but its long-term effect is still poorly studied. The aim of the investigation was to assess the dynamics and the mobility of heavy metals in contaminated acidic soils from the vicinity of Aurubis-Pirdop copper smelter, after amelioration with increasing doses of BC.

Methods

Four selected soils (T1, T4, T6 and T8), characterized by low pH, organic carbon content and elevated concentrations of heavy metals were studied. Biochar was applied to the soils at a dose of 1, 5, 10 and 20% w/w in three replications in incubation experiment for a period of 6 months. Monthly, bioavailable forms of Al, Ba, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were extracted with 0.01 M CaCl2 and 1 M NH4NO3, and analyzed by ICP-OES. Statistical analysis (One-way ANOVA and Simple regression) was performed with STATGRAPHICS centurion XIX. Principal component and cluster analyses of sources and Links of metals to drivers of their mobility were performed by IBM Statistics 26.

Results

A significant tendency of decrease of mobile concentrations (in 0.01 M CaCl2) and especially in the more acidic soils pH 4.5–5.4 was observed as a result of BC addition, e.g. for Cu by 54% − 74%, Cd 30% − 50%, Zn 17% − 60%, Ni 23% − 56% and Pb 10% − 55%, as well as a synergistic “aging effect”. The PCA and cluster analysis prove that the mobile forms of metals Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn were complexed with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and were of predominant anthropogenic origin in the surface soils, while, e.g. Ba and Ni are mobilized from pedogenic sources.

Conclusions

With the increasing of BC, the mobility of the studied elements significantly decreased. However, for some sites and for copper and zinc, bioavailable concentrations were still above the trigger values defined by the German DIN standard for the NH4NO3 extractant.